3dmax盆栽制作,如何学习家装设计?

3dmax盆栽制作，如何学习家装设计？

本教程从家装设计的角度出发，全面而系统地介绍了家装设计常识，家装时尚与设计风格，客厅、卧室、书房、厨房、餐厅和卫生间的设计布局与设计原则等。读者可以了解家装设计方面的一些理论知识，为今后的设计工作打下坚实的基础。

家装设计常识

想要把家装的更好，设计规划是很重要的一点，首先应该对家装设计常识有所了解。

设计因素

家装的设计因素主要是以家庭形态、家庭性格、家庭活动、家庭经济状况等方面来决定，这些因素是设计时的主要依据和基本条件，也是创意取向和价值定位的首要构成要素，合理而协调地处理好这些因素之间的关系是设计成功的基础。

设计原则

在建筑设计时只提供了最基本的空间条件，如面积大小、平面关系、设备管理、厨房浴厕等位置，要将整体空间再创造成更深、更广的功能空间内涵，还需将各式建材、家具、布料等室内配置元素，通过平衡、韵律、焦点、尺度与比例、和谐与对比以及统一与多样等设计原则进行整合。

一、Balance（平衡）

平衡是居家设计中最常用的布置技巧。在一个空间中，每种家饰配件都有不同的造型特点，而这些物质决定了每个物件的视觉分量。居家布置的平衡就是建立在视觉感官上，它是设法将家具、灯光、形状、色彩、材质统一后，能让你感觉安定。

例如：在一个空间中使用同一色系的家具，就能起到安定平衡视觉的作用。要起到平衡视觉的作用，不一定只运用左右、上下对称，也可以是面积对称，也可以是形体对称，其作用都是为了平衡视觉重心，如图所示。

二、Rhythm（韵律）

平衡是讲究静态的安定，而韵律则是创造动态的感受。韵律的空间设计手法就像音乐演奏一般，在一个空间中以重复进行、或是延伸的方法来表现同样、同类，或是延续性的形体、符号与色彩。

例如：墙可以利用色彩的渐变制造整个墙面空间的韵律感，它可以是很多相同拼块重复进行出现，也可以是不规律的图形进行重复排列，或者用色彩交错的延伸性来表现。合理运用韵律技巧可以创造和谐、统一的生活空间，如图所示。

三、Emphasis（强调）

强调是运用创造焦点的手法来产生效果，在空间中加强一个特定的物体或平面的能见度，让其成为空间的主角。每个室内空间都需要一个焦点，来构成这个空间的物质。

例如：在餐厅里，餐桌是绝对的必备的家具，所有的物件都围绕餐桌来设计，而餐桌自然形成目光的焦点。但不是每个空间都有这样的自然焦点，就像玄关并没有必备的家具，挂幅画或放上盆景，就可以起到焦点的作用，如图所示。

四、Scale&Proportion（尺度与比例）

在家装设计中，所有的尺度与比例都是以人体基本尺寸作为基准。尺度的设计原则在于相对于人、以及家装中所有物件的比例。如：使用长度小于人身150厘米的床，会使人睡起来不自在；或者是将全套标准尺寸的沙发放在过小的房间，在视觉上还是使用上都会显得拥挤。比例在形体设计上应该注意形体的长度、面积、体积分配比重，以产生优美的效果。

五、Harmony&Contrast（和谐与对比）

和谐为相互协调、关联的关系；而对比为相互比较、落差的关系。在设计上，可以运用造型、色彩、材质的相同或相似来处理来达成和谐。同样，可以用不同或对照的造型、色彩、材质来达成强烈的对比。

例如：如果我们选用图案相同和类似的沙发、窗帘、垫子相互搭配，便可起到调和空间的效果；而如果选用不同色系漆料分别客厅和餐厅，便可以形成明显的空间分区，如图所示。

六、Unity&Variety（统一与变化）

统一在空间上以重复同样、或是同类物件的表现手法来完成的。一般我们居家中所采用的各种造型、色彩、材质，要讲究它们整体的统一风格，所有的布置可以围绕在同一个主题上。例如：可以先选择好欧式风格、中式风格或现代风格，然后再依据所选的风格搭配配置元素。

家装设计理念

追求古典主义和上流社会的人文品位、吸纳融会世界各民族取之不尽的实用主义的装饰元素、采用体现高新技术的先锋主义都是近年室内装修设计主流理念。

一、简洁与合理

强调简单、无装饰性和简约主义，竭力打造一种人性化的装饰环境。柔和的色彩弥散在清晨新鲜的空气中，清雅的水粉画传递着浪漫的气息，阳光透过窗子照射进来，令人气定神闲。家具讲究精致实用，留出尽可能多的空间。同时可以精心选择一些漂亮的纺织用品，让房间顿时生辉，如图所示。

二、动感与美观

内部与外部的巧妙结合是家装设计的一大特色。色彩的对比以及粗犷纯朴的造型，极为简单直接，又突出其实用性。该主题具有无尽的创造空间，来自世界各民族的装饰元素均能在此装饰风格中相互渗透，如图所示。

三、古典与时尚

各种设计元素的运用，是为了和众多挑剔的消费者的高品位相符合。价格昂贵的家具，装饰织物和点缀物是不折不扣的奢华体现。甚至桌、椅的细微之处都如珠宝工艺一般的考究。波纹绸、丝毛混纺、丝绸制品、毛毯及色彩纷呈的提花织物都可进行最好的表达，如图所示。

设计趋势

一、雅致主义与乡村风格回归

当谈及雅致主义与乡村风格时，主要归纳为两点：雅致可以是简约的，却没有伪简约的呆板和单调；雅致可以是古典的，但没有古典风格的繁琐和严肃。雅致主义源于材料品质和装饰的细节。那些经过涂饰和抛光的木材、有着富丽温馨的色彩和华美的织物，以及精致黑色的点缀和光洁的硬木地板或抛光砖的结合，都能够让整个生活的氛围充满温馨、惬意，如图所示。

而乡村风格在摒弃了繁琐与奢华过后，也更加适合人们日常居住。它兼具古典造型与现代线条、人体工学与装饰艺术的家居风格，充分显现出自然质朴的特性。

二、健康自然风格是恒久的主题

在伪简约风格的弊端不断显现出来的时候，越来越多的设计师开始根据房主的自身要求，量身打造符合房主生活要求的家居设计。在古典风格中加入现代元素，让整个空间更有活力；或是在中式风格的环境中补充欧式元素，成就更加舒适的生活，都逐渐被人们接受。风格的融合在体现设计多元化的基础上，也从另一个方面强调了人们对生活的理解。

此外，通过室内的绿色植物，让室内外紧密结合，用高科技的手段，在浴缸中造就溪流的效果等等正在流行，这将是继续流行下去的家居设计主题，如图所示。

三、展示自然肌理

在设计中突出自然的肌理构成，通过材料的细节来表现生活的品质已逐渐被人们认可。天然的饰品、环保的材料、一处微不足道的装饰角落，足以看出居室主人的处世态度与生活追求。展示自然的纹理，用工业化的手段将装饰材料中所蕴藏的自然肌理淋漓尽致地表现出来，同时配以非金属感的灯光，如图所示。

四、餐厨卫浴追求个性

同样是厨房装修，年轻人、中年人、老年人的要求却有着明显差异。年轻人更喜欢开敞式的厨房和大操作台式的橱柜，而中老年人则对餐厨用品的合理摆放空间有着较高的要求。所以在现代设计中，从建筑和室内设计不同方面论证了餐厨卫浴空间的年龄划分、功能划分和风格划分，如图所示。

（年轻人偏爱的餐厨一体化）

（长辈偏爱的餐厨用品合理摆放式设计）

五、后花布时代来临

后花布时代这种家装设计手法，用人文关怀去展现中国特有的生活艺术、民俗文化；在灯光方面，柔媚素雅将会逐渐代替金属时代的冷峻和理性。更多富有人情味的柔美光影在犹抱琵琶半遮面之中，会让居室中“家”的意境得到充分渲染；屏风、中国文字等意味深长的设计元素也会在今后的家装设计中大量运用。

设计风格

一、欧式古典

欧式风格中最常见的就是古典的欧式风格，按年代来分，欧式风格可分文艺复兴、巴洛克、洛可可与新古典主义等风格。一般可通过家具来进行区分，一般欧式古典风格的家具都会选用表面光滑、拥有高亮泽度的木材，譬如紫檀木、桃木、红木或胡桃木等，而且很讲究它的雕工，如图所示。

二、欧式乡村

这种风格跟上面贵族或中产阶级的设计相比是完全平民化的。它的特点就是亲切温馨、大方无矫饰。你可以选择春光融融、生意盎然的花园乡村风格，也可以选择淳朴平实的农舍风味。家具的选择更是各种风格的体现，假如你喜欢法式田园风尚，可以用朴拙的松木家具，一切简单而朴素；假如你憧憬英式风格的矜持与淡雅，以胡桃或桃花心木材质的家具最合适；假如你偏好北欧清爽明朗的乡村味，就选择明亮的白色染木家具，更显健康自然。

三、西班牙

既乡村又古典的西班牙风格综合了贵族与平民的意味风格。在质朴天然中流露出一股典雅的气质，又不失华丽的美感。西班牙家具主要分为原木系列与镶嵌彩瓷系列。前者与一般欧式家具一样造型优雅而有艺术性；后者完全是西班牙味，与原木系列同为实心松木所制，但又加上鲜艳的手绘彩磁，取材相当生活化，为家具增添生气。

整个居家风格不仅展现了君王的尊严和霸气，还传达出西班牙民族性格的热情有劲与狂放不羁。

四、地中海

在欧式风格里，除古典风之外，悠闲的地中海风也很受欢迎。地中海风格跟上面豪华古典风格相比，一个看起来气派非凡，一个强调强简朴、安宁。其家具采用低彩度，线条简单且修边浑圆的木质，地板则多铺地砖，若铺陶砖就更富当地色彩，如图所示。

五、美式风格

美式古典风格与欧式的有很大不同，欧式的做工较细，比较精致考究，而有艺术质感。美式则夹着浓浓的乡村味，以享受为主。在布料、沙发的皮质上，强调它的舒适度，感觉起来比较宽松柔软。

六、中式风格

中式风格最重视就是对称与均衡，所以家具陈设、间架配置，还有饰物的陈列等很注重格局的齐整，以求达到端庄稳重的效果。而在字画、玩器、雕刻、题识与借景上，又变化万千、潇洒飘逸，巧妙至极，如图所示。

七、日式风格

最能代表传统日本风味的室内空间就是和室了，和式起源于唐朝，唐代人为避免木造建筑被虫蛀坏，便将地板架高，以隔绝地面湿气达到延长使用年限的作用。传到东洋，日本人按其席地而坐的生活习惯，把原本卧室使用的榻榻米延伸到整个起居，再配上日式居家常见的灰砂墙、杉板、糊纸或布的推拉木门，就成了今天的和室，如图所示。

日式居家木材使用度非常高，你可以采用大片紫檀木板来铺陈地板、墙面和天花板，用屏风来区隔空间，家具选用造型沉稳纤细的酸枝桌椅。整个空间以米（白）色，紫檀色（黑色）为主，看起来恬静怡情，加上空间构造线条简洁，仿佛从日式格子窗吹进纯净的和风。

八、现代风格

现代风格是对纯手工古典风格的一种反动，多以机器制造，强调实用性，现在家具跟摆设大幅简化，以清爽干净、锐利的透明感为主。除了选用单一色系来做整体设计，还常常使用强烈的对比色来创造特独的个人风格。材质的使用更为多元化，不仅可以用木材，还可以用铁、不锈钢、铬钢、镀金、铝合金等加工过的复合金属，以及玻璃、强化纤维、塑胶、聚酯等硬质材料，同时可以为它们涂漆，营造冰冷、利落的室内格调，加以柔和布料与皮革润色，掺进几丝温馨气氛。

对住在拥挤都市的忙碌现代人来说，节省空间，而且不需费时保养的现代风格，是最理想的选择。

九、折衷风格

所谓折衷风格就是将不同的风格做适当的结合，这种复合式的风格其实就是任意的排列组合，相当自由有创意，但如果混合的风格过杂，这样就毫无风格可言，混和比例在9：1到7：3为最佳，如果比例失调，则失去重点，造成混乱。在室内色调上，尽量用调和性强的中色系，尤其白色是最无害的颜色，最能中和两种风格，如图所示。

分割设计

客厅

一、沉稳的色调和布置

客厅是全家人聚在一起休息、聊天、看电视的地方，顾名思义也是招待客人的场所。客厅属于共用的空间，主要由沙发、茶几、影视墙组成，在家具的选择上最好用整套的家具，不然会出现凹凸不平的现象，很影响美观。客厅的整体色调和布置最好沉稳，因为这样的气氛既适合谈话，也不容易感到拘束。

二、合理利用配件装饰

通常我们都以客厅的沙发为中心，加上坐垫、精品柜、照明设备、盆景等配件，制造出角落的特质，配上大小不一、加上边框的挂画可以制造出平衡感。放上有特色的椅子或试用与客厅色调相近的坐垫，都会起到赏心悦目的作用，如图所示。

三、改善空间劣势

如果客厅拥挤狭隘，你要用“开放型”的布置法，因为我们视线往窗户与玻璃门等空旷处投射会觉得舒适轻松些。如果客厅太过宽敞，你可以使用“封闭型”的室内设计，加进暧炉、植物等来集中视线，缓和空间中的冷清空洞，并且增加愉快生动的气氛，营造出家的感觉。

四、客厅的色彩

客厅的色彩主要取决于下列要素的影响：天花板、墙面和地面的色彩，家具的色彩，陈设装饰品的色彩。在这些色彩构成要素中，—般将天花板、墙面和地面的色彩称作第一层次，作为家具和陈设装饰品的背景色起衬托作用；将家具和陈设装饰品的色彩称作第二、第三层次。三个层次的相互配合与协调才能产生良好的色彩效果。

1、天花板、墙面、地面的色彩配置

众所周知，天花板的色彩主要起反射光线的作用。当层高较低时，为减轻天花的压抑感，—般多采用白色、乳白色等浅淡色彩。墙面的色彩应比天花略深些，—般宜选用含白或灰的浅淡色彩，不宜选用鲜艳浓重的色彩；地面色彩应与墙面色彩相呼应并有利于突出墙面色彩，宜较深—些，凝重一些，这样地面才显得厚重、沉稳，也可避免“头重脚轻”的倒置，增加空间的稳定感。

2、家具和陈设装饰品的色彩选择

在一个完整的室内设计方案中，家具的色彩与室内环境色彩（天花板、墙面、地面和门窗的色彩）是既对立又统—的。—般而言，家具的色彩应根据环境色彩的配置来选择。购买家具的人都有这样的体会，即不能仅凭家具的颜色是否好看来选购，而要根据家具的色彩、款式与室内环境色彩是否能“和平共处”、“相得益彰”才决定取舍。家具的色彩最好介于室内环境色彩与陈设装饰品色彩之间，这样才能发挥其协调室内环境色彩的作用。

通常我们说环境色彩是由天花板、墙面、地面和门窗的色彩构成的，在居室中环境色彩中居于主导地位，但也有例外之时：当家具在室内沿墙整体排列、占居了较大的空间时，家具的色彩就占居了主导地位，环境色彩则退于其后，居室则实行以家具色彩为主导的室内配色。

陈设装饰品如挂画、工艺品、布艺等都具有占据空间面积小的特点，因而应选择鲜艳、醒目的对比色，起到丰富空间层次和画龙点睛的作用。

五、客厅的照明

客厅的照明设计必须符合客厅多功能空间的性质，重在保证客厅各功能区的需要，营造气氛，创造出丰富的空间感和层次感。客厅的照明分为整体照明、局部照明和装饰照明。

1、客厅的整体照明

客厅的整体照明有如下几种形式；

（1）吊灯照明

这是以大型吊灯为中心的照明方式，多用于层高较高的客厅。选购灯具时要注意吊灯的造型直接影响到客厅的风格。

（2）吸顶灯照明

在层高较低的客厅一般采用吸顶灯照明。吸顶灯的造型千姿百态，安装方式也各有不同，选用时要依据客厅的面积的大小、风格等因素综合考虑。

（3）轨道式射灯照明

用于现代风格的客厅。在客厅的天花或墙壁上安装轨道，根据需要使射灯向各角度照射。

（4）光檐艺术照明

此种照明通常与吊灯、吸顶灯或壁灯相互配合，能营造很好的空间氛围和丰富的光影变化，装饰效果好。

（5）发光顶棚

此种照明方式是指在半透明的漫射材料吊顶与建筑结构之间安放灯管，产生昼光照明的效果，尤其是用彩绘玻璃做漫射材料时，更会产生良好的装饰效果。

2、局部照明和装饰照明

局部和装饰照明通常采用壁灯、台灯、落地灯和射灯，以满足客厅各功能区的照明需要和营造良好的氛围。近年来在很多家居的客厅中又出现了光墙照明，成为客厅中—道靓丽的风景。

3、灯饰的选择

灯饰在客厅中的作用不可小视。它既具实用性，又具装饰性，是客厅装饰设计中的重要元素，往往能起到画龙点睛的作用。选购时，尤应重视它对客厅空间环境产生的美学效果以及由此而使人产生的心理反应。一件好的灯饰，应集照明、装饰、节能于一身，与室内的风格协调—致，有利于增强空间效果和营造室内良好的气氛。

卧室

一、平静的色彩搭配

卧室是休息睡觉的地方，属私密的空间，除了安置理想的卧具外，房间结构、家具陈设和色彩搭配都是十分重要的。为了享受高品质的睡眠，一个能使人心情平静舒畅的卧室是很重要的，所以卧室是一个需要清静的区域，忌讳大红大绿的对比色彩，否则会使居室主人感到不安，甚至引起烦躁，如图所示。

二、舒适的卧具质料

床垫、卧具的质料应该力求舒适，地板最好能铺上地毯，既吸音、脚走起来也会舒服些，用壁布覆盖墙壁，用双层玻璃或多层化处理窗户，都可淡化室外喧嚣，创造出一个舒适的睡眠空间。

在卧室装修的过程中，可以使用各种不同的床上用品来达到我们需要的效果。其中最有效也是最昂资的床饰是用亚麻制作的。通常它比棉织品更不易被污染，也更不易保持水分。这种干爽光滑的材料在夏天更为舒适。今天，绝大多数床上用品均采用亚麻、析布或两者合成的材料制成。

枕套、被套或床罩增加了床的装饰效果，使它看起来整洁精致，或柔软面带有褶皱饰边或其它舒适的床上用品，将床装饰成不同的风格。

三、照明

卧室的光线应该满足不同的标准、必须柔和以让人觉得放松和平静、同时足够明亮以达到化妆时需要的亮度。在卧室中、灯具的位置与灯具本身一样重要。床侧的台灯要有足够的高度，以便阅读时光线可以直射到书本。在化妆镜两侧布置灯具要强于布置在镜上或身后的、因为这样可以增加化妆人面部的照度。同样的道理也应用于通长的镜子，光线应直接照亮要表现的物体，最好使用侧面光线以增加物体的立体感。

卧室中应该有一盏能够在床上控制开关的灯，为了确定可以轻松地够到灯的开关，你可以坐在床上试验，然后决定灯具开关的位置。灯具要布置在阅读人的背后，这样光线可以越过肩膀而落在书本上，同时不刺激眼睛。如果光线从头顶方向射来，它最好落在书前0.3m（1ft）的地方、不然照度会过分亮。卧室中最有效的灯具应该包括悬臂式可调节亮度的台灯，它被安装在符合人体工学的恰当的高度。

另外，光线的颜色和组合也公影响它所产生的效果。当充分考虑了上面的所有因素后、就可以创造出一个绚丽多彩的卧室光环境。

四、色彩、图案与质感

对于卧室装修，色彩的选择是其中个重要的环节，可以从已有的地毯、绘画、床罩、床架等出发来确定色彩的主题。

当选择色彩的主题时，光线是一个重要的考虑因素。对于一间白天不能获得充足阳光的卧室，如果我们尽量采用明亮的色彩，它将会看起来比实际显得宽散而明亮。显而易见，明亮的色彩会加大空间的感觉、相反浓重的色彩会有减小空间的感觉。因此，对于高大的卧室，我们可以采用浓而重的颜色来增加它的亲切感。

我们可以通过各种不同的途径达到自己的设计意图。如果采用朴素的中间色墙壁、所户和家具，房间就会显得简洁大方、相反也可以不同图案来装饰面达到不同的效果。

当一间卧室中有不同的装饰图形时，应该选择其中一种作为主题，而适当增加其它小比例的图案或符号作为补充。另外一种办法是将各种图案的色彩统一从而达到视觉上的平衡。如果房间中的窗帘、地毯、枕头、坐垫等装饰品都非常简洁朴素，则可以对窗或局部墙面做重点处理，从而增加房间的情趣。

（明亮干净的白色墙和窗更加强了卧室的亮色调）

书房

一、宽敞与效率

书房的总体色调要统一协调，或以淡雅取胜，或以深沉见长。总体色调的形成因素包括：书房家具的表面色彩，书房织物如窗帘、地毯，或其他坐具上的覆盖物等，以及书房整体空间环境的色彩等，其强调的是宽敞与效率，如图所示。

二、选择地面

虽然书房的首要作用是要实现功能，但环境越个性化、越美观，你在这里学习和工作的时候心情就越愉悦。因此，对于地面的选择就要认真斟酌。不过也不要忽视实用性，如考虑写字台周围区域的磨损问题。

1、木地板

木地板可以让书房色调更加温馨、更有特点。木板条可以让房间看起来更长、更宽,因此非常适合小房间使用。浅色调的木地板会让空间显得更大。

2、地毯

就其本质而言，地毯无疑会让书房更加温馨、舒适。地毯能为书房增加纹理和色彩，如果书房的墙面很素，也可以选择带图案的地毯。

与家里的其他座椅相比,如果频繁协用一把安装即轮的办公椅的话会给地板造成更大的压力。如果你经常前后移动座椅，就要考虑购买一块羊毛或尼龙材质的泥纺地毯,因为这种地毯比其他地毯更耐用。

餐厅

一、采光的重要性

餐厅，顾名思义就是用餐的地方，属公共空间。用餐讲究的是愉快的心情，所以采光显得格外重要，需慎选取光的角度和光线的位置种类，并且用吊灯加强照明。同时也要慎用照明，过于明亮容易刺激眼睛。可多运用暖色系与中色系，这样会使人脸上线条柔和，如果加上蜡烛会更有情调，如图所示。

二、与厨房、客厅的结合

如果厨房与餐厅结合，配餐、收拾餐具的路线就能够缩短，不过当厨房尚未收拾好时，会因其杂乱影响食欲。如果客厅与餐厅结合，就能同时享受视觉与气氛的开阔，并且显示出客厅内家庭团聚的温暖，但要注意不要让餐厅破坏客厅的宽敞，可以利用屏风、矮框进行区隔。

厨房

一、洁净明亮的厨房

厨房是挥洒展现厨艺的天地，属于服务空间。厨房的布置最重要的就是要让人用好心情做好料理与愉快的善后处理，有快乐的心情才有美味可口的食物，光可鉴人的碗盘，所以要确保厨房的洁净明亮很重要。色系以白色为佳，并且需要有充分的照明，一定得有窗户，能让自然光照射进来，如图所示。

二、工作三角区

厨房设备主要由炉具配备、厨具、厨房家电等，根据个人需要可加入滤水器、收纳柜等。由于厨房是需要常常走动的场所，它的路线设计就格外重要。厨房的作业路线分别为洗碗槽（清洗）气灶（烹调）冰箱（配膳）三点，连结这三点就成了个三角形，就是所谓的“工作三角形"，这个路线太长或太短都会对厨房的作业造成不便，当三角形总长在4.5米~6米时，工作效率最高。厨房通道必须避开工作三角，以确保作业路线的流畅。

下面就来说说如何围绕这三点设计厨房空间。

1、食物储藏区

要弄清楚工作三角区如何安排，你可以首先考虑冰箱的位置。从这里取出的食物有两个去处，要么直接送到烹饪区，要么先放在水槽里清洗。若想让整套程序顺利进行，路径上的这些节点都不能距离太远（也就是说构成工作区的三角形的三个边不能太长），而且也不能受到橱柜的阻挡。如果你的橱柜是沿一面墙布置的，那么可以考虑把独立式冰箱放在橱柜对面，这样就可以构成一个更好的工作三角区。

2、台面空间

三角区的三个点也不能靠得太近。可能的话，将冰箱和灶具之间的衔接区域适当延伸作为备餐区也是不错的做法。各点之间至少留出1.2米的距离。

3、烹饪区

在烹饪时，你需要方便、快捷地从冰箱里取用食材，还要把用过的厨具放进水槽或放在附近的台面上。为了达到这个目的，建议工作三角区各点的直线距离不要超过3米。

4、清洁区

从冰箱位置走到水槽边清洗食材，把干净的食材送到烹饪区，然后把用过的炒锅放进水槽里——如果你能让任何通道都避开工作三角区，那么所有的事情都会变得相当简单。还有一个方法能够减少烹饪时你需要移动的距离，那就是让洗碗机的位置尽量靠近水槽，这样浸泡后的炒锅和碗碟就可以经最短的距离送进洗碗机了。

三、厨房布局要点

1、冰箱

冰箱的摆放位置成为你首先考虑的问题之一，因为它构成工作三角区的其中一个点。还要记住，如果你希望冰箱达到最佳工作效率，就需要让它远离暖气片、洗碗机以及烤箱之类的热源。如果你希望冰箱配备冰水分配器，那么请把冰箱安装在水源旁边以方便水管的连接。

2、橱柜

在决定你的储物柜放置在何处之前，要仔细考虑物品放在哪里可以方便存取，例如，存放碗碟的碗柜要放在洗碗机旁边，而调料柜要放在灶具旁。你的橱柜还能提供台面空间，所以设计时也要考虑到这方面，有些大型厨房为此在房间中央设有独立的岛式橱柜。无论橱柜放在何处，都要确认柜门和抽屉开关自如。

3、洗碗机

洗碗机最好放在水槽旁边或其下方，这样的话，需要的时候你可以用清水冲洗餐具并将其堆放在沥水板上。将洗碗机放在此处还有利于连接上下水管，节省额外的配管费用。

4、水槽

水槽是工作三角区的第二点，所以它的位置也要尽早确定，同时还要确定灶具和冰箱的摆放位置。请记住，你的厨房需要的是这样一个空间：你可以在这里清洗食物和餐具，不会对其他区域的活动产生影响。还要确保它不会挡住主通道。

5、灶具

由于灶具是工作三角区的第三点，所以它的理想位置将部分受制于水槽和冰箱的相对位置。如果你购买的是橱柜、烤箱和灶台组成的灶具组合，那么摆放起来就较为简单。如果灶台和烤箱是各自独立的，灶台在厨房中间的橱柜上，那么烤箱就应当放在容易够到的地方，通常是烹饪者身后或者附近的一排橱柜中。因为你有可能把食物从灶台转移到烤箱中，然后还要从烤箱中拿出来放回灶台上，所以这两个物件的距离不应超过1.2米。

6、餐桌椅

餐桌椅的摆放位置首先要满足不影响工作三角区的要求，而且为了进出方便，需要在每把餐椅后面留出约1米的空间，所以在厨房空间比较局促的情况下，要达到理想的布局还是很困难的。如果餐桌的某一边通常不会有人坐，那就可以考虑让餐桌一边贴墙，当需要增加一两个座位时再挪到房间的中间。

四、选择地面

厨房地面的磨损程度很可能比房子里其他任何房间都严重，所以选择地面的时候要全面考虑需求。除了美观，更要考虑使用期间的维护难度。

1、选择样式

用于厨房的地面大致有三种样式：地砖、木地板和无缝地坪。地砖和无缝地坪的感觉更现代，而且比较耐磨﹔如果你想要的是比较随性、质朴自然的感觉，用木地板就更合适。

（1）地砖

地砖是厨房的经典之选。在选择地砖时。需要考虑地砖的大小和表面材料，大块的地砖让空间看上去富有现代感，小块地砖则让厨房看起来比较中规中矩。当然，砖缝越多，日后擦起来也就越费力气。

（2）木地板

木地板必须足够密封，必须能够抵御烹饪时的频繁踩踏和蒸腾水汽的双重侵蚀。长条的木地板可以让空间看上去更长、更宽，所以如果厨房比较小，那么长条木地板是个不错的选择。

（3）无缝地坪

无缝地坪设计是一种没有接缝的整体地面，材质通常有PVC、橡胶、油毡和浇筑地面，比如水泥或者树脂。最新的整体地面材料已经很高级了，对于小空间来说，这种地面实为明智之选。

2、厨房地面分区

如果你的厨房很大，而且是敞开式厨房，那么从地面上将就餐区与烹饪区划分开来，会让整个厨房设计看上去效果更棒。选—块在颜色上与你的厨房相匹配的小地毯，并将其垫在餐桌椅下面。

要确认你买的地毯足够大，所有桌椅腿脚都能平稳地放在上面，即使将餐椅拉出摆成就餐模式也不会超出地毯的范围。避免选择浅色地毯或会存食物残渣的长绒地毯，要选择容易清洁的地毯材料。用不同的地板划分出就餐区，以便在同一个空间内营造出不同区域氛围的差异。

卫生间

一、干净整洁的原则

干净整洁是所有卫生间的最高原则，在设计上最好用清新的色调，光线要充足且柔和。应该配备洗脸盆、浴盆（房）净身器和抽水马桶等，其设备配置应以空间尺度和条件及活动需要为依据。由于所有基本设备皆与水有关，给水与排水系统必须合乎国家质检标准，地面排水斜度与干湿区的划分应妥善处理，如图所示。

二、多元化设计让卫生间更缤纷

一般卫生间的墙壁与地板是以贴白瓷砖为主，但现在多元化的设计一扫冷冰冰的印象，瓷砖的花样颜色变得缤纷多彩，甚至可将墙壁漆成海洋、森林等场景。地板也可以使用木质地板、塑胶板甚至铺上地毯。

三、卫生间布局要点

1、浴缸

安排卫生间的平面布局时要首先设计浴缸周围的功能区，因为浴缸是卫生间内最大的物件，所以通常来说，浴缸的安装位置没有太多选择。如果空间比较局促，可以考虑将浴缸贴墙安装，最好置于一个角落。如果卫生间的空间很大，可以考虑安装独立式浴缸，但首先必须经水管工确认，安装独立式浴缸不会存在排水问题。

同时，还要考虑浴缸水龙头的安装位置，比如独立式浴缸通常不需要安装水龙头，因此水龙头需要安装在墙面上，或采用“落地式”水龙头。如果浴缸上方还有配套的淋浴，那么浴缸应当贴墙安装，并设置浴帘以防止溅水。

2、面盆

原则上，面盆应当安装在马桶旁，它所背靠的应当是实体墙而不是窗户，这样你才能在其上方安装洗脸镜。在选择面盆并为其确定最佳位置之前，最好能想想如何设置储物空间。

如果储物空间紧张，可以考虑安装带嵌入式或平放式面盆的卫生间柜、置物架或储物柜，而不是选择简单的立柱盆。这种选择可能会影响整个卫生间的布局，所以首先要仔细核对卫生间柜的尺寸，以确认它符合卫生间装修计划的要求。

3、马桶

一般来说，马桶的最佳安装位置是紧贴或临近外墙。因为这样排水系统设计起来更简单，而且通常这也意味着马桶位于窗台或排气扇下方。为了使用方便，它也应当正对或紧挨着面盆。如果马桶临近外墙，要注意尽量避免粗大的污水管影响观瞻，应当对其做隐蔽处理，可利用这种隐蔽处理创造一些小型储物空间。至于洁具的选择，市场上出售的马桶有各种配置和大小，所以如果空间比较局促，那就一定要多跑几家商店，认真核对规格，然后再做决定。

4、收纳柜

卫生间的储藏空间越多越好。像卫生间用品架、毛巾架和衣物挂钩这样的物件应设置在浴缸或淋浴附近。和堆放干净毛巾的搁板一样，存放化妆品、药品和清洁用品的吊柜也很有用。还可以充分利用浴缸护板后面的空间，通过一个小门很方便地存取物品。为了营造出和谐统一的外观，可以选择面盆下方带有充足储藏空间的卫生间柜或储物柜。

5、淋浴

如果这是家里唯一的卫生间，而且空间够大，那么可以考虑安装独立淋浴。为了让空间看上去整齐统一，也为了上下水管路安装简便，可以将淋浴安装在浴缸的同侧墙面，并选择与浴缸相同深度的淋浴盆。如果你仍有多余空间，那么安装一套步入式淋浴房则显得更有档次。如果卫生间的天花板是坡面，可以将淋浴安装在卫生间举架最高的区域（要考虑淋浴盆的高度）。

四、选择地面

卫生间的地面不仅要美观，还应当防滑、耐用、容易清洁，光脚走在上面舒服、自然，而且尤为重要的是要防潮、防湿。木地板、地砖和无缝地坪都可以营造现代风格，而前两种更适合复古风格的卫生间。地砖和无缝地坪的防潮效果较好；木地板防水性不佳，但如果你非常喜欢木地板，也可以将其用于卫生间地面。

1、地砖

地砖可以使用很多材质，包括瓷砖、陶砖和PVC砖，颜色和尺寸的选择也很多。尽管地砖看上去是很合理的选择，但由于其质地坚硬且触感冰凉。所以铺地砖的卫生间最好使用地暖。

2、无缝地坪

PVC和橡胶地板是卫生间常用的无缝地坪材质。另外，树脂浇筑地坪也是不错的选择。无缝地坪适合较为狭小的空间，由于没有接缝，所以看上去很整洁。不过，如果一处受损，整张地坪都需更换。

3、木地板

木地板的颇色和纹理会为时尚感较强的卫生间营造一种温馨的感觉。如果家里的其他房间也使用木地板，那么用木地板作为地面也会令卫生间与家里其他部分的风格更加统一。如果卫生间湿度大，那么最好不要使用实木地板，应选择复合地板、实木复合地板或者类似PVC材质的地板。

软件及课程资源

推荐软件

家装设计是一个专业性极强的领域，设计师要在安全、实用、有限预算的前提下，充分考虑空间、色彩、光影、装饰、陈设、绿化等要素进行设计。在当今室内设计领域，有以下一些好用的装修设计软件可以为设计工作提供帮助。

1、3DS MAX

3D Max由著名的Autodesk公司出品，是全球应用最广泛的三维建模、动画、渲染和制作软件，多被用于室内设计表现、建筑与景观设计表现、工业造型设计表现以及动画制作等领域。在室内设计中，3D Max主要用到的功能模块有建模系统、材质系统、灯光系统、相机等。作为一款经典房屋设计软件，其兼容性优良，可与CAD、SU、PS、Al等软件交互配合使用。

2、AutoCAD

AutoCAD亦由Autodesk公司出品，已有近40年的历史，具有二维绘图、详细绘制、设计文档和基本三维设计等功能，是国际上广为流行的绘图工具，可以用于装饰装潢、土木建筑、工业制图、工程制图、电子工业、服装加工等多个领域。作为当代设计师必不可少的十大室内设计软件之一，AutoCAD还被作为高等职业院校室内设计及相关专业的教学软件。

3、酷家乐

高人气国产室内装修设计软件，致力于云渲染、云设计、BIM、VR、AR、A等技术的研发，实现"所见即所得"的全景VR设计装修新模式，可以5分钟生成装修方案，10秒生成效果图，一键生成VR方案。软件总用户量在2000万以上，入驻设计师超过500万，平均每日渲染图超过150万张，全年用户总渲染效果图达2.21亿张，小米、美克美家、林氏木业等12000家品牌企业都是其服务对象。

4、草图大师

草图大师SketchUP简称SU，是一款极受欢迎并且易于使用的3D设计软件，世界各地的许多公司与学校皆采用此工具进行设计工作。从业余设计、居家环境的改善，到设计大型且复杂的住宅区、商业区、工业区、都会区等计划，皆可用此工具进行。草图大师还建立了庞大的3D模型库，集合了来自全球多个国家的模型资源，用户可以从中找到自己想要的资源。

5、Photoshop

PS既是平面设计软件，也是室内设计的辅助软件，主要用于处理后期效果图。由于使用3D Max等软件对复杂模型进行渲染时速度会很慢，同时效果图仅用于表现室内环境和整体感觉，消耗大量渲染时间用于这类非主体就比较浪费了，所以PS成为了后期的渲染工具以从素材库里选取植物、家具、其它软装、甚至人物、宠物等贴图来表现，后期也方便修改。

推荐课程资源

1、拓者设计吧（tuozhe8.com）

拓者设计吧是一个专业的室内设计行业网站，提供最新的室内设计作品图片欣赏，最新的装修效果图，效果图作品点评，3dsmax室内设计教程，cad室内设计教程，vray教程，效果图后期处理教程，施工教程，风水教程；提供最新的欧模网模型下载，3d66网模型下载，拓者设计吧模型下载，室内联盟模型下载，提供最新的软装设计案例，软装设计教程。

2、马蹄设计网（mt-bbs.com）

马蹄网为专业室内设计师用户提供资源丰富、稳定优质的各类设计相关服务。

3、室内设计联盟（cool-de.com）

涉及行业资讯、室内设计、软装设计、建筑设计、装修设计、绘画艺术等众多创意领域，专注于装修、艺术、室内动漫等相关创意产业服务。有作品展示、学习交流、线上教学、素材出售等等板块。

4、设计本（shejiben.com）

不同于以上网站，设计本不仅是作品展示平台，同时也可以进行接单。有客服对接，商业化比较重，有流量，可接单。设计师也可以把自己的作品放置到平台上，自行接单。

5、Houzz（国际版）（houzz.com）

国际室内设计排名第一的网站，被CNN盛赞为“室内设计的维基百科”。Houzz提供各种最新的家居设计、室内设计等资讯。

6、美间（meijian.io）

实用，功能齐全，操作便捷。人气栏目：自动抠图、一键替换，商家合作。

7、ARCHITONIC（architonic.com/en）

这个专门针对室内设计软装的一个资料库，提供了国外知名品牌的设计家具、系统家具、室内建材的信息，对于学设计的学生是很好的资源。

8、建E室内设计网（justeasy.cn）

目前中国较好的原创室内设计素材与门户网站之一。一直致力于为中国建筑、室内、家具、3D设计师提供高品质、高精度的3D家具模型以及其他相关设计素材、设计工具以及云工作平台。有高质量3D模型、SU模型、效果图、设计案例、VR全景、云渲染、线上培训等等板块。

9、欧模网（om.cn）

最全最多的3D设计素材资源库，3D模型资源库包括原创模型、免费模型、名师模型专栏、贴图灯光素材等。

10、知末（znzmo.com）

一家为室内设计师提供3D模型下载、3D模型库免费下载、效果图制作、贴图下载的设计交易服务平台,拥有20多万3d模型、30万贴图、2000多家效果图制作公司。

11、3D溜溜网(3d66.com)

目前国内最全面和优质的3D模型素材下载基地之一，基本室内各种资源都有，如软件、模型、素材、贴图、教程等等。

12、sketchup吧(sketchupbar.com)

“SketchUp吧”是国内知名的以设计师最常使用的SketchUp及相关技术交流为主的设计网站。收录各类SketchUp模型上万个，已成为中国最热门的SketchUp原创作品基地和SketchUp设计模型分享发源地。

13、pinterest（pinterest.com/etsy）

Pinterest 是很多设计师都在用的素材网站，你可以用关键字搜寻到高品质的设计图片。Designboom、Dezeen等网站在Pinterest 都有官方账号。

14、花瓣家居/家装板块（huaban.com/favorite/home）

这个网站每天都有更新，而且分类很明确，不管你是平面设计，环艺设计还是动漫设计和工业设计，你都可以在里面找到相应的素材，整体格调也比较高，图片很精美。

以上就是对家装设计的具体介绍，希望能对您学习家装设计有所助益！

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"本教程从家装设计的角度出发，全面而系统地介绍了家装设计常识，家装时尚与设计风格，客厅、卧室、书房、厨房、餐厅和卫生间的设计布局与设计原则等。读者可以了解家装设计方面的一些理论知识，为今后的设计工作打下坚实的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCUSOg4gQEKUWu4MSkM4ob"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家装设计常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsAeWYI6Os2soBu1iMtTfLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"想要把家装的更好，设计规划是很重要的一点，首先应该对家装设计常识有所了解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw0IYYGi4eOiwye4DI0dmLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计因素","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUW6KAe0Su2E0MPGH7p8aFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"家装的设计因素主要是以","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"家庭形态、家庭性格、家庭活动、家庭经济状况等方面","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"来决定，这些因素是设计时的主要依据和基本条件，也是创意取向和价值定位的首要构成要素，合理而协调地处理好这些因素之间的关系是设计成功的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn46MiY0oU8CquO3ILtQOqpJ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW2uasIoQaY8oGe4CLGoYlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在建筑设计时只提供了最基本的空间条件，如面积大小、平面关系、设备管理、厨房浴厕等位置，要将整体空间再创造成更深、更广的功能空间内涵，还需将各式建材、家具、布料等室内配置元素，通过平衡、韵律、焦点、尺度与比例、和谐与对比以及统一与多样等设计原则进行整合。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn80aUMI4muA2knUdhyzEeoB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、Balance（平衡）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneyOmssWqsK02cHwHL3j7ph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平衡是居家设计中最常用的布置技巧。在一个空间中，每种家饰配件都有不同的造型特点，而这些物质决定了每个物件的视觉分量。居家布置的平衡就是建立在视觉感官上，它是设法将家具、灯光、形状、色彩、材质统一后，能让你感觉安定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneaAKwMaOwKEEykT5GEBBsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：在一个空间中使用同一色系的家具，就能起到安定平衡视觉的作用。要起到平衡视觉的作用，不一定只运用左右、上下对称，也可以是面积对称，也可以是形体对称，其作用都是为了平衡视觉重心，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUoYmwAySAOgektgdCF19wc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":934,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计原则","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1c878223a65b4dbb92184c37dce81df1","width":1400},"text":"","id":"doxcnasAse2YoimU6Wc7tq4n3ae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、Rhythm（韵律）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniy6EcEa6a8i6d0mitWSZbX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平衡是讲究静态的安定，而韵律则是创造动态的感受。韵律的空间设计手法就像音乐演奏一般，在一个空间中以重复进行、或是延伸的方法来表现同样、同类，或是延续性的形体、符号与色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn64MIGgweKOEMoBQSfCFcHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：墙可以利用色彩的渐变制造整个墙面空间的韵律感，它可以是很多相同拼块重复进行出现，也可以是不规律的图形进行重复排列，或者用色彩交错的延伸性来表现。合理运用韵律技巧可以创造和谐、统一的生活空间，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnywCAyWCICqOI6P8bOdYVWe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":853,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计原则","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3c90c3be91324a5083c059ee20d0ad23","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcneCsEykYQ8UeCeo03PcYr4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、Emphasis（强调）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Um6OYcWy2AKZeoqf24kAi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调是运用创造焦点的手法来产生效果，在空间中加强一个特定的物体或平面的能见度，让其成为空间的主角。每个室内空间都需要一个焦点，来构成这个空间的物质。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8iMoka6CgY0A5qF9wSUozS"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：在餐厅里，餐桌是绝对的必备的家具，所有的物件都围绕餐桌来设计，而餐桌自然形成目光的焦点。但不是每个空间都有这样的自然焦点，就像玄关并没有必备的家具，挂幅画或放上盆景，就可以起到焦点的作用，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8iioiCsesWes2gUdwGNX1A"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":960,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计原则","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a1f21640c074f6282a97e985711f94c","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnkAeCEwO6isQYYFBSEzXd4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、Scale\u0026Proportion（尺度与比例）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniYGGyweaQCY8K0ZTmK6ODg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在家装设计中，所有的尺度与比例都是以人体基本尺寸作为基准。尺度的设计原则在于相对于人、以及家装中所有物件的比例。如：使用长度小于人身150厘米的床，会使人睡起来不自在；或者是将全套标准尺寸的沙发放在过小的房间，在视觉上还是使用上都会显得拥挤。比例在形体设计上应该注意形体的长度、面积、体积分配比重，以产生优美的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWOGo6iAYiUiEgPnJoQBv1c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、Harmony\u0026Contrast（和谐与对比）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQAuIoWioEciM6ttgMJsI7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"和谐为相互协调、关联的关系；而对比为相互比较、落差的关系。在设计上，可以运用造型、色彩、材质的相同或相似来处理来达成和谐。同样，可以用不同或对照的造型、色彩、材质来达成强烈的对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYaOsYSOYqmGeWQK3ltB8Mc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如：如果我们选用图案相同和类似的沙发、窗帘、垫子相互搭配，便可起到调和空间的效果；而如果选用不同色系漆料分别客厅和餐厅，便可以形成明显的空间分区，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqqS2wm6imQg2GeUQ2HpSeg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":563,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计原则","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1d4a24e51da24a51b27109a7fef47d5f","width":870},"text":"","id":"doxcnmI4i06IIOYeSKSxHRA1EHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、Unity\u0026Variety（统一与变化）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQmqO2wCYouwQOm0Wlp4tjh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"统一在空间上以重复同样、或是同类物件的表现手法来完成的。一般我们居家中所采用的各种造型、色彩、材质，要讲究它们整体的统一风格，所有的布置可以围绕在同一个主题上。例如：可以先选择好欧式风格、中式风格或现代风格，然后再依据所选的风格搭配配置元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qwoMMqqOEqo49SyhQGg8f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"家装设计理念","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyqeWMoOwo4AYkXMSY6FRQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"追求古典主义和上流社会的人文品位、吸纳融会世界各民族取之不尽的实用主义的装饰元素、采用体现高新技术的先锋主义都是近年室内装修设计主流理念。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGcM8CoOQQc2mGh1A7MhvjA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、简洁与合理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUi8WKugSuMoEYdVzPmWV13"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"强调简单、无装饰性和简约主义，竭力打造一种人性化的装饰环境。柔和的色彩弥散在清晨新鲜的空气中，清雅的水粉画传递着浪漫的气息，阳光透过窗子照射进来，令人气定神闲。家具讲究精致实用，留出尽可能多的空间。同时可以精心选择一些漂亮的纺织用品，让房间顿时生辉，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKAWoIym02G24MJMjRCFye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装设计理念","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dace9166617146dab8870c6d56a6d10c","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnyq8gAoygGACyumMpTd8AKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、动感与美观","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYCci0gcg4Ei6CAKvfHfUwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"内部与外部的巧妙结合是家装设计的一大特色。色彩的对比以及粗犷纯朴的造型，极为简单直接，又突出其实用性。该主题具有无尽的创造空间，来自世界各民族的装饰元素均能在此装饰风格中相互渗透，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUUayCesWcGCUPB9xY2pog"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":603,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装设计理念","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/86e45c9fefa948ef8b7c51646aadbaa1","width":789},"text":"","id":"doxcnauAgaYagwugA6si5KWZEmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、古典与时尚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGIoMUeo8mAy6GsBhfKHeLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各种设计元素的运用，是为了和众多挑剔的消费者的高品位相符合。价格昂贵的家具，装饰织物和点缀物是不折不扣的奢华体现。甚至桌、椅的细微之处都如珠宝工艺一般的考究。波纹绸、丝毛混纺、丝绸制品、毛毯及色彩纷呈的提花织物都可进行最好的表达，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsCQ4uwG0moqQ9scgCkloeV"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"家装设计理念","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcc6c831f6724983bf89e96abfe7eb4f","width":967},"text":"","id":"doxcnCwQcUkA0WMKCMeg9xrKis6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计趋势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuskOC0qyqkuWCifiaCdmHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、雅致主义与乡村风格回归","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKUEKiaiIcMska4d3UpRhIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当谈及雅致主义与乡村风格时，主要归纳为两点：雅致可以是简约的，却没有伪简约的呆板和单调；雅致可以是古典的，但没有古典风格的繁琐和严肃。雅致主义源于材料品质和装饰的细节。那些经过涂饰和抛光的木材、有着富丽温馨的色彩和华美的织物，以及精致黑色的点缀和光洁的硬木地板或抛光砖的结合，都能够让整个生活的氛围充满温馨、惬意，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIY84SwuIyY0WMtEgFjDdgc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计趋势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d51517bbd3eb4490a3a114acb0437a33","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnCOMOCyuw8GioeQooDNCYgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而乡村风格在摒弃了繁琐与奢华过后，也更加适合人们日常居住。它兼具古典造型与现代线条、人体工学与装饰艺术的家居风格，充分显现出自然质朴的特性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnycYmmga2c2MSGgHwtYIq6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、健康自然风格是恒久的主题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn08uumAGGE2ay4jYEtBrXgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在伪简约风格的弊端不断显现出来的时候，越来越多的设计师开始根据房主的自身要求，量身打造符合房主生活要求的家居设计。在古典风格中加入现代元素，让整个空间更有活力；或是在中式风格的环境中补充欧式元素，成就更加舒适的生活，都逐渐被人们接受。风格的融合在体现设计多元化的基础上，也从另一个方面强调了人们对生活的理解。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsU0aUuauqqY4dLfW3Y9QAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，通过室内的绿色植物，让室内外紧密结合，用高科技的手段，在浴缸中造就溪流的效果等等正在流行，这将是继续流行下去的家居设计主题，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0ickCIOaGs82mo9pbYfRsb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":704,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计趋势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4244ab52b7074e428d6c5f696b61a164","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnqoMMkw4eIIQmiqAPaQg54d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、展示自然肌理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneiOAS60UsC8U4ie4yeeR0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在设计中突出自然的肌理构成，通过材料的细节来表现生活的品质已逐渐被人们认可。天然的饰品、环保的材料、一处微不足道的装饰角落，足以看出居室主人的处世态度与生活追求。展示自然的纹理，用工业化的手段将装饰材料中所蕴藏的自然肌理淋漓尽致地表现出来，同时配以非金属感的灯光，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE4aGay0sMI4yohGQu1GEhd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":750,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计趋势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60dc363a64784836b0b54390df0b93ad","width":1000},"text":"","id":"doxcnI48CegUu8yu6mdydVYFDfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、餐厨卫浴追求个性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncEkSYcoKww4Mw7iiBOwWWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同样是厨房装修，年轻人、中年人、老年人的要求却有着明显差异。年轻人更喜欢开敞式的厨房和大操作台式的橱柜，而中老年人则对餐厨用品的合理摆放空间有着较高的要求。所以在现代设计中，从建筑和室内设计不同方面论证了餐厨卫浴空间的年龄划分、功能划分和风格划分，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn644MGUMKG2ciuAMzfQP2Zf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":750,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计趋势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b1bfa1cb24b48b3b43efb96089e7c90","width":1000},"text":"","id":"doxcnMQA2yYQQkaAq25TyJJ3zUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（年轻人偏爱的餐厨一体化）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQeGUMgC2a2Q4ddaJupxvkp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":839,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计趋势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3ba25bb7a2244aa9bc074aa1608f0425","width":1259},"text":"","id":"doxcnwoysueGA2cUggjVEcY0dEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（长辈偏爱的餐厨用品合理摆放式设计）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8OsMwWuq8oWo0eJAQ9abLc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、后花布时代来临","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusAAcEwCSg2eglLIhnjRyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后花布时代这种家装设计手法，用人文关怀去展现中国特有的生活艺术、民俗文化；在灯光方面，柔媚素雅将会逐渐代替金属时代的冷峻和理性。更多富有人情味的柔美光影在犹抱琵琶半遮面之中，会让居室中“家”的意境得到充分渲染；屏风、中国文字等意味深长的设计元素也会在今后的家装设计中大量运用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYAyWQuk0Ea00YhccbEPBb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":996,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计趋势","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b666a52cdd7c4c73bc59b83a30369722","width":1500},"text":"","id":"doxcngM2gyA26Gg0Qgpi8FToKbe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneY6sE6KckGyScdlnRnn8ag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、欧式古典","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiwcKIgMyIoUI7ZqINuW3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"欧式风格中最常见的就是古典的欧式风格，按年代来分，欧式风格可分文艺复兴、巴洛克、洛可可与新古典主义等风格。一般可通过家具来进行区分，一般欧式古典风格的家具都会选用表面光滑、拥有高亮泽度的木材，譬如紫檀木、桃木、红木或胡桃木等，而且很讲究它的雕工，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni4Q4A8YwYiqQMNpgvA2QLb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/508cf27d164746ccb418a2e41074c852","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcnsQ6ceS6AuYQQ6BpVPHJi9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、欧式乡村","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne2W8OU86EqoQMbrdShHK4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格跟上面贵族或中产阶级的设计相比是完全平民化的。它的特点就是亲切温馨、大方无矫饰。你可以选择春光融融、生意盎然的花园乡村风格，也可以选择淳朴平实的农舍风味。家具的选择更是各种风格的体现，假如你喜欢法式田园风尚，可以用朴拙的松木家具，一切简单而朴素；假如你憧憬英式风格的矜持与淡雅，以胡桃或桃花心木材质的家具最合适；假如你偏好北欧清爽明朗的乡村味，就选择明亮的白色染木家具，更显健康自然。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMyGmigyamcQNhH1B8RQse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1073,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d270898e174d4f6ca8192e69dbd9aa47","width":1600},"text":"","id":"doxcn8okUUmyKWcI8Ypdkd9t20e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、西班牙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWYiSIsKUGckEiQRwS0Ghke"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"既乡村又古典的西班牙风格综合了贵族与平民的意味风格。在质朴天然中流露出一股典雅的气质，又不失华丽的美感。西班牙家具主要分为原木系列与镶嵌彩瓷系列。前者与一般欧式家具一样造型优雅而有艺术性；后者完全是西班牙味，与原木系列同为实心松木所制，但又加上鲜艳的手绘彩磁，取材相当生活化，为家具增添生气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOIAwAOmmM4E2HndCV5ZNc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":754,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/18dac323d0b645339cbb07b99a39ba0c","width":1172},"text":"","id":"doxcnSgOAIg6Ya4CYCPknjf0t0R"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"整个居家风格不仅展现了君王的尊严和霸气，还传达出西班牙民族性格的热情有劲与狂放不羁。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncIowcsQMMO4MmYOJoBP6je"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、地中海","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cmm0guaGUyOkr8q82A33d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在欧式风格里，除古典风之外，悠闲的地中海风也很受欢迎。地中海风格跟上面豪华古典风格相比，一个看起来气派非凡，一个强调强简朴、安宁。其家具采用低彩度，线条简单且修边浑圆的木质，地板则多铺地砖，若铺陶砖就更富当地色彩，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkEsgG6ecySUMNi2tyvawb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":574,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3792c53e13054f4ead2d2eaab2acc8b5","width":796},"text":"","id":"doxcneaoasGYmSA00QVFPgKV2Sf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、美式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQSIScaCcqy8YfatDuDtSe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"美式古典风格与欧式的有很大不同，欧式的做工较细，比较精致考究，而有艺术质感。美式则夹着浓浓的乡村味，以享受为主。在布料、沙发的皮质上，强调它的舒适度，感觉起来比较宽松柔软。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw8q0oimMsU0O4ew4vCcHRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"六、中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO0E4KEss2YK28B672wpjmd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式风格最重视就是对称与均衡，所以家具陈设、间架配置，还有饰物的陈列等很注重格局的齐整，以求达到端庄稳重的效果。而在字画、玩器、雕刻、题识与借景上，又变化万千、潇洒飘逸，巧妙至极，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6Wk6SOG4SgOE0yrRg1rfYb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":914,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/453b3dc2e6404b928ec8645890565a98","width":1400},"text":"","id":"doxcnKuqkgg2QqImoMVsRtSBTvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"七、日式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYkiIuM0Qua62cvG23lEW8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最能代表传统日本风味的室内空间就是和室了，和式起源于唐朝，唐代人为避免木造建筑被虫蛀坏，便将地板架高，以隔绝地面湿气达到延长使用年限的作用。传到东洋，日本人按其席地而坐的生活习惯，把原本卧室使用的榻榻米延伸到整个起居，再配上日式居家常见的灰砂墙、杉板、糊纸或布的推拉木门，就成了今天的和室，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2iQ8MayMs40wItUdxhpUQ9"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/248f026e7524439d8de56e5bb35b3479","width":887},"text":"","id":"doxcnMuEqAOqIIoKsk0UUoFWaZB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"日式居家木材使用度非常高，你可以采用大片紫檀木板来铺陈地板、墙面和天花板，用屏风来区隔空间，家具选用造型沉稳纤细的酸枝桌椅。整个空间以米（白）色，紫檀色（黑色）为主，看起来恬静怡情，加上空间构造线条简洁，仿佛从日式格子窗吹进纯净的和风。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcne6aCwio66MQAiqomJIgJUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"八、现代风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6MCKeOqWsgweGeOdMWjOVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格是对纯手工古典风格的一种反动，多以机器制造，强调实用性，现在家具跟摆设大幅简化，以清爽干净、锐利的透明感为主。除了选用单一色系来做整体设计，还常常使用强烈的对比色来创造特独的个人风格。材质的使用更为多元化，不仅可以用木材，还可以用铁、不锈钢、铬钢、镀金、铝合金等加工过的复合金属，以及玻璃、强化纤维、塑胶、聚酯等硬质材料，同时可以为它们涂漆，营造冰冷、利落的室内格调，加以柔和布料与皮革润色，掺进几丝温馨气氛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEYcWSSCwiacM0czyICGzhc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e6a852cd5f824b72aa592765bd3aea11","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcneQwuaeSIg8kg64J5h7ugRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对住在拥挤都市的忙碌现代人来说，节省空间，而且不需费时保养的现代风格，是最理想的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8yiccgiSkgA2qcPcatL3Sg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"九、折衷风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnG8eEsiW0g0IEM9rkzaWFYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓折衷风格就是将不同的风格做适当的结合，这种复合式的风格其实就是任意的排列组合，相当自由有创意，但如果混合的风格过杂，这样就毫无风格可言，混和比例在9：1到7：3为最佳，如果比例失调，则失去重点，造成混乱。在室内色调上，尽量用调和性强的中色系，尤其白色是最无害的颜色，最能中和两种风格，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMy606qI8mq4wr32E45kFFo"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":840,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"设计风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5cb53608a2b84b43b1ab04a25dc5a575","width":1260},"text":"","id":"doxcnqK0yUUgQkuuAGO6Xqyo2Ed"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"分割设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnakUGUO2ugsE2MVOurZ92Me"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmWqS0IqwUQWgMtaeeMhbFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、沉稳的色调和布置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYSM0s0W0A4s00jMjh3sCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅是全家人聚在一起休息、聊天、看电视的地方，顾名思义也是招待客人的场所。客厅属于共用的空间，主要由沙发、茶几、影视墙组成，在家具的选择上最好用整套的家具，不然会出现凹凸不平的现象，很影响美观。客厅的整体色调和布置最好沉稳，因为这样的气氛既适合谈话，也不容易感到拘束。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEyimog0WG6OsjGDIVA4de"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":553,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fa6e1e403643424997bbca6807c6bf09","width":803},"text":"","id":"doxcnoGKI0q8WieOqq4aAuM7yHg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、合理利用配件装饰","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCY2ys2gEIEWSOg1kFOxMsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常我们都以客厅的沙发为中心，加上坐垫、精品柜、照明设备、盆景等配件，制造出角落的特质，配上大小不一、加上边框的挂画可以制造出平衡感。放上有特色的椅子或试用与客厅色调相近的坐垫，都会起到赏心悦目的作用，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqYcAQQKGem2wTQtTZ0pxc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":564,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1ba2c7157554443a94e311cbcc1a4097","width":839},"text":"","id":"doxcnieASWWkUgwc4O8DxZOUfEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、改善空间劣势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWG6cwI6KSGWspLH4xdlGl7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果客厅拥挤狭隘，你要用“开放型”的布置法，因为我们视线往窗户与玻璃门等空旷处投射会觉得舒适轻松些。如果客厅太过宽敞，你可以使用“封闭型”的室内设计，加进暧炉、植物等来集中视线，缓和空间中的冷清空洞，并且增加愉快生动的气氛，营造出家的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncKwUgmucWqYYmQ4p2KlCEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ccadf560b0324befbb0ed9e7ee50adfd","width":890},"text":"","id":"doxcnsGsiisoMIcwo48qnv20Sjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、客厅的色彩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkseycgOs6OiQMj9FEQfv7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅的色彩主要取决于下列要素的影响：天花板、墙面和地面的色彩，家具的色彩，陈设装饰品的色彩。在这些色彩构成要素中，—般将天花板、墙面和地面的色彩称作第一层次，作为家具和陈设装饰品的背景色起衬托作用；将家具和陈设装饰品的色彩称作第二、第三层次。三个层次的相互配合与协调才能产生良好的色彩效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngAW6ASagC2yGkjcmb7YOKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、天花板、墙面、地面的色彩配置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOOQIyeaWwwaeCXA2p9v5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"众所周知，天花板的色彩主要起反射光线的作用。当层高较低时，为减轻天花的压抑感，—般多采用白色、乳白色等浅淡色彩。墙面的色彩应比天花略深些，—般宜选用含白或灰的浅淡色彩，不宜选用鲜艳浓重的色彩；地面色彩应与墙面色彩相呼应并有利于突出墙面色彩，宜较深—些，凝重一些，这样地面才显得厚重、沉稳，也可避免“头重脚轻”的倒置，增加空间的稳定感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkwAYiYyUIcCMSozm8b3bUP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2884,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5760c58b513245df86074cb54170cf28","width":4368},"text":"","id":"doxcnAmyC2KSe4k0qKQCCNM2E5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、家具和陈设装饰品的色彩选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0Wyc6U6a8UyaYpXZiMJ7bc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在一个完整的室内设计方案中，家具的色彩与室内环境色彩（天花板、墙面、地面和门窗的色彩）是既对立又统—的。—般而言，家具的色彩应根据环境色彩的配置来选择。购买家具的人都有这样的体会，即不能仅凭家具的颜色是否好看来选购，而要根据家具的色彩、款式与室内环境色彩是否能“和平共处”、“相得益彰”才决定取舍。家具的色彩最好介于室内环境色彩与陈设装饰品色彩之间，这样才能发挥其协调室内环境色彩的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOocgu0U2EoCEkf44xXfyEf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常我们说环境色彩是由天花板、墙面、地面和门窗的色彩构成的，在居室中环境色彩中居于主导地位，但也有例外之时：当家具在室内沿墙整体排列、占居了较大的空间时，家具的色彩就占居了主导地位，环境色彩则退于其后，居室则实行以家具色彩为主导的室内配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuQu8IskKOmAYCQaCV35dAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"陈设装饰品如挂画、工艺品、布艺等都具有占据空间面积小的特点，因而应选择鲜艳、醒目的对比色，起到丰富空间层次和画龙点睛的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOQe04Mam2eQssddi3xUTff"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":2401,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f9d82032724842028046bd9685a8a0d2","width":3600},"text":"","id":"doxcn6OIQUOkyYKoKsV3qqmAdjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"五、客厅的照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnM4WGko8WaaqGkZNESuxY7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅的照明设计必须符合客厅多功能空间的性质，重在保证客厅各功能区的需要，营造气氛，创造出丰富的空间感和层次感。客厅的照明分为整体照明、局部照明和装饰照明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGuy4KWuoEAsmiawhoOPbxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、客厅的整体照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUSIikUcaMwI2iWo4OHucDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅的整体照明有如下几种形式；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn64q8gyUmmwkukVV99kaFMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（1）吊灯照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGSMC0OAa6ImaoDLn6JQwye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这是以大型吊灯为中心的照明方式，多用于层高较高的客厅。选购灯具时要注意吊灯的造型直接影响到客厅的风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq2cgUMa2qScGmm9x7paCrM"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/100c64c3759143cab01fab301bad7187","width":444},"text":"","id":"doxcnQouQQ8yUi8uqMX1R7Dq5og"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（2）吸顶灯照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW0Eccyos42iuqqYKPX7TRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在层高较低的客厅一般采用吸顶灯照明。吸顶灯的造型千姿百态，安装方式也各有不同，选用时要依据客厅的面积的大小、风格等因素综合考虑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSWYIKQSMwm26uOR6EsMm1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58a83234005246f18331a83396dfead8","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcnQAs6coEwqM0cI1etLdh6Ug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（3）轨道式射灯照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK4sAkcMiYecQeS3dMTYEJf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用于现代风格的客厅。在客厅的天花或墙壁上安装轨道，根据需要使射灯向各角度照射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnw4OaouKmiYAcm0rXY9p1ag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":817,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5bd8ebc1f28847fa818151ba9112841c","width":913},"text":"","id":"doxcnISi4S04kIgkMSA2k783FVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（4）光檐艺术照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUgyGk2QIUuswWSrYqBHDRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此种照明通常与吊灯、吸顶灯或壁灯相互配合，能营造很好的空间氛围和丰富的光影变化，装饰效果好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQOQ86USoW86uQnpAREGIb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":374,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2731c714ee584fe4a2c7eaca64f5c0d5","width":540},"text":"","id":"doxcnc4useWAYIGWMoj0JOMtp1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（5）发光顶棚","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAAuu2yyWkwA6Ei4kcUmifb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此种照明方式是指在半透明的漫射材料吊顶与建筑结构之间安放灯管，产生昼光照明的效果，尤其是用彩绘玻璃做漫射材料时，更会产生良好的装饰效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngyMWaYAKSoss4GspA8Xhbc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":550,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f2f0e1524ea44469b25eb2718ec7d7d","width":660},"text":"","id":"doxcnQiAauSKyQQyyWUNc1tfp3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、局部照明和装饰照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCamAmKuAGKSGauwYPVz3oe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"局部和装饰照明通常采用壁灯、台灯、落地灯和射灯，以满足客厅各功能区的照明需要和营造良好的氛围。近年来在很多家居的客厅中又出现了光墙照明，成为客厅中—道靓丽的风景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnow6S4IMMAuKuuy3UKw0zbh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"客厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/397ec3ca1e524fb4ae4325a8ef5beabc","width":800},"text":"","id":"doxcnCcs6CGYWY2qYQ3Jb0cjSEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、灯饰的选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoCEQEkeKOY0A8I5w2VqYSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灯饰在客厅中的作用不可小视。它既具实用性，又具装饰性，是客厅装饰设计中的重要元素，往往能起到画龙点睛的作用。选购时，尤应重视它对客厅空间环境产生的美学效果以及由此而使人产生的心理反应。一件好的灯饰，应集照明、装饰、节能于一身，与室内的风格协调—致，有利于增强空间效果和营造室内良好的气氛。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmM2E4ciESOAuuo2juayQ5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniquACMqycE68WEfljl8Pzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、平静的色彩搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4CE4WIW4KI8WaI1VuKxAMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室是休息睡觉的地方，属私密的空间，除了安置理想的卧具外，房间结构、家具陈设和色彩搭配都是十分重要的。为了享受高品质的睡眠，一个能使人心情平静舒畅的卧室是很重要的，所以卧室是一个需要清静的区域，忌讳大红大绿的对比色彩，否则会使居室主人感到不安，甚至引起烦躁，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6EsUimw4QW0ggVh4K1GTpc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/acdb478656f24107b44ac4e058b718e0","width":718},"text":"","id":"doxcna4e6IUkKqCGkauiESFdqse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、舒适的卧具质料","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkMGoimKMkEg3OJkon2vwz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"床垫、卧具的质料应该力求舒适，地板最好能铺上地毯，既吸音、脚走起来也会舒服些，用壁布覆盖墙壁，用双层玻璃或多层化处理窗户，都可淡化室外喧嚣，创造出一个舒适的睡眠空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnieKmsYAiu0MI4PQOw021xh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在卧室装修的过程中，可以使用各种不同的床上用品来达到我们需要的效果。其中最有效也是最昂资的床饰是用亚麻制作的。通常它比棉织品更不易被污染，也更不易保持水分。这种干爽光滑的材料在夏天更为舒适。今天，绝大多数床上用品均采用亚麻、析布或两者合成的材料制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnggOo6SCYkoSckZ1tisTwPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"枕套、被套或床罩增加了床的装饰效果，使它看起来整洁精致，或柔软面带有褶皱饰边或其它舒适的床上用品，将床装饰成不同的风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsqMQoycIqKqqyYDaM8aiEc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":802,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc8e4a96252e4e1e821adb7072c8a5ae","width":694},"text":"","id":"doxcnegc2UA4iOE6UGkFxkY90Fg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、照明","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ0cWmgkQQUU6Ac8dnGGOzD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室的光线应该满足不同的标准、必须柔和以让人觉得放松和平静、同时足够明亮以达到化妆时需要的亮度。在卧室中、灯具的位置与灯具本身一样重要。床侧的台灯要有足够的高度，以便阅读时光线可以直射到书本。在化妆镜两侧布置灯具要强于布置在镜上或身后的、因为这样可以增加化妆人面部的照度。同样的道理也应用于通长的镜子，光线应直接照亮要表现的物体，最好使用侧面光线以增加物体的立体感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneeCswwCwsyWqWaEUFLmIlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室中应该有一盏能够在床上控制开关的灯，为了确定可以轻松地够到灯的开关，你可以坐在床上试验，然后决定灯具开关的位置。灯具要布置在阅读人的背后，这样光线可以越过肩膀而落在书本上，同时不刺激眼睛。如果光线从头顶方向射来，它最好落在书前0.3m（1ft）的地方、不然照度会过分亮。卧室中最有效的灯具应该包括悬臂式可调节亮度的台灯，它被安装在符合人体工学的恰当的高度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyaaIC4mge6MgKemn6dEb7G"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1313,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c154ed986d174baea0b9540c5c7a2e48","width":2000},"text":"","id":"doxcnGeCAgO8IKyq2UpPvlk9Fkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，光线的颜色和组合也公影响它所产生的效果。当充分考虑了上面的所有因素后、就可以创造出一个绚丽多彩的卧室光环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcw4oIyGwYiwgxuOU12iRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、色彩、图案与质感","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEWimW2GyiOkiKAqBjHhpfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对于卧室装修，色彩的选择是其中个重要的环节，可以从已有的地毯、绘画、床罩、床架等出发来确定色彩的主题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnigqw6mWQ8YKCCyVda0fzkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当选择色彩的主题时，光线是一个重要的考虑因素。对于一间白天不能获得充足阳光的卧室，如果我们尽量采用明亮的色彩，它将会看起来比实际显得宽散而明亮。显而易见，明亮的色彩会加大空间的感觉、相反浓重的色彩会有减小空间的感觉。因此，对于高大的卧室，我们可以采用浓而重的颜色来增加它的亲切感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WoOEW6KmIOAmIY8kddrQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以通过各种不同的途径达到自己的设计意图。如果采用朴素的中间色墙壁、所户和家具，房间就会显得简洁大方、相反也可以不同图案来装饰面达到不同的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8W6ma8QOM0U0gDz2efaYGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当一间卧室中有不同的装饰图形时，应该选择其中一种作为主题，而适当增加其它小比例的图案或符号作为补充。另外一种办法是将各种图案的色彩统一从而达到视觉上的平衡。如果房间中的窗帘、地毯、枕头、坐垫等装饰品都非常简洁朴素，则可以对窗或局部墙面做重点处理，从而增加房间的情趣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyykMGgSWA8Y8N4uFzFYUg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":692,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卧室","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/38e529aa4f734c1a875bf10c3e26213e","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcnYOWOaGuqmGc6yeGWTvUaSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"（明亮干净的白色墙和窗更加强了卧室的亮色调）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCwIsEs8MKMASsXow4dlrzb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书房","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4q4qIoa8EQIoxAvTyIhof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、宽敞与效率","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYUCasoSMcIW739ZfiDBuw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"书房的总体色调要统一协调，或以淡雅取胜，或以深沉见长。总体色调的形成因素包括：书房家具的表面色彩，书房织物如窗帘、地毯，或其他坐具上的覆盖物等，以及书房整体空间环境的色彩等，其强调的是宽敞与效率，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMU868E24kYKOCsA7VFq5Vd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":546,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/24092cd3ad5b4f53afc39d3acaf3cd69","width":808},"text":"","id":"doxcnKgqMmIWUqAsoAvcgkIuc9K"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、选择地面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIKs6OsWuOo4wD3nV5lnyh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虽然书房的首要作用是要实现功能，但环境越个性化、越美观，你在这里学习和工作的时候心情就越愉悦。因此，对于地面的选择就要认真斟酌。不过也不要忽视实用性，如考虑写字台周围区域的磨损问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCWMkmaYQaQC27t7sX9Ubl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、木地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKmY8mA4AgYMgdi8wHz2jPM"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木地板可以让书房色调更加温馨、更有特点。木板条可以让房间看起来更长、更宽,因此非常适合小房间使用。浅色调的木地板会让空间显得更大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIQWSUOiwAGyozNnN6COvmP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":723,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1fc5a0854a014e2f99fa64b09eed055a","width":1080},"text":"","id":"doxcnkYiiqQomSCuQOcg5meWMxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、地毯","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaoAAswYgYwWGAP4FgCxEcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"就其本质而言，地毯无疑会让书房更加温馨、舒适。地毯能为书房增加纹理和色彩，如果书房的墙面很素，也可以选择带图案的地毯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6gSwYUOI0qEK6sFSuvWiWu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"与家里的其他座椅相比,如果频繁协用一把安装即轮的办公椅的话会给地板造成更大的压力。如果你经常前后移动座椅，就要考虑购买一块羊毛或尼龙材质的泥纺地毯,因为这种地毯比其他地毯更耐用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmaqgCKaUgo2MIjQB5M2kEe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1080,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"书房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/70cab9e6aab34dbeacea12bda6a67081","width":1920},"text":"","id":"doxcnGiCAc6ywiusccRB34Mfizh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"餐厅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8KOImO2wQei4eyAUDGGZ0b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、采光的重要性","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIKUEQcgIOsYy6cMOUZPEMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"餐厅，顾名思义就是用餐的地方，属公共空间。用餐讲究的是愉快的心情，所以采光显得格外重要，需慎选取光的角度和光线的位置种类，并且用吊灯加强照明。同时也要慎用照明，过于明亮容易刺激眼睛。可多运用暖色系与中色系，这样会使人脸上线条柔和，如果加上蜡烛会更有情调，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSwkYew4sG4sIecGgmPZgFe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":556,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"餐厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/17abee22ee224b95a11973c539f981d4","width":802},"text":"","id":"doxcnIKkgsMGieOakEZZEr4biLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、与厨房、客厅的结合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC4Qq68QKGWWsiammNjkxDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果厨房与餐厅结合，配餐、收拾餐具的路线就能够缩短，不过当厨房尚未收拾好时，会因其杂乱影响食欲。如果客厅与餐厅结合，就能同时享受视觉与气氛的开阔，并且显示出客厅内家庭团聚的温暖，但要注意不要让餐厅破坏客厅的宽敞，可以利用屏风、矮框进行区隔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQUyIk08mc00gcdg2kNLRWt"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":550,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"餐厅","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6f0bd3c80ef64d4a8959cbbf17484372","width":802},"text":"","id":"doxcnI0MEUgm2EMeYe4HxQkg0ph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOmMQuCIiig6mI35p0bHFPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、洁净明亮的厨房","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniggwki2iKgisoNMGPakHrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房是挥洒展现厨艺的天地，属于服务空间。厨房的布置最重要的就是要让人用好心情做好料理与愉快的善后处理，有快乐的心情才有美味可口的食物，光可鉴人的碗盘，所以要确保厨房的洁净明亮很重要。色系以白色为佳，并且需要有充分的照明，一定得有窗户，能让自然光照射进来，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0CAOwG0yQqSGOorwb3VmPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":800,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d90411a2d0f436b9c04fb79556f01ad","width":1200},"text":"","id":"doxcnWagSmW8yQKmMAT46u7Qqqd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、工作三角区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns8oKaCsM4eoqw7QcF55ibf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房设备主要由炉具配备、厨具、厨房家电等，根据个人需要可加入滤水器、收纳柜等。由于厨房是需要常常走动的场所，它的路线设计就格外重要。厨房的作业路线分别为洗碗槽（清洗）气灶（烹调）冰箱（配膳）三点，连结这三点就成了个三角形，就是所谓的“工作三角形\"，这个路线太长或太短都会对厨房的作业造成不便，当三角形总长在4.5米~6米时，工作效率最高。厨房通道必须避开工作三角，以确保作业路线的流畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKQUOUU8iSsKSMh8ajUjqUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面就来说说如何围绕这三点设计厨房空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOyeYQcMEsOI4gJgjVlpUEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":530,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6ccca40d7d4e4787bd4dcd45b04c4757","width":804},"text":"","id":"doxcn6MYIaKcM2O4wAVpt3L6UAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、食物储藏区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSo00qIwKe0MSuMejslwhbg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要弄清楚工作三角区如何安排，你可以首先考虑冰箱的位置。从这里取出的食物有两个去处，要么直接送到烹饪区，要么先放在水槽里清洗。若想让整套程序顺利进行，路径上的这些节点都不能距离太远（也就是说构成工作区的三角形的三个边不能太长），而且也不能受到橱柜的阻挡。如果你的橱柜是沿一面墙布置的，那么可以考虑把独立式冰箱放在橱柜对面，这样就可以构成一个更好的工作三角区。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcno2oM04uwmg8k8KG4l6Wnmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、台面空间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnouwUO6yygmIUH9C6thwTl7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三角区的三个点也不能靠得太近。可能的话，将冰箱和灶具之间的衔接区域适当延伸作为备餐区也是不错的做法。各点之间至少留出1.2米的距离。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8IOq8GQO6IuUgtkAyosieb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、烹饪区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkkGmO6c4iAY6qqkj9hsVte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在烹饪时，你需要方便、快捷地从冰箱里取用食材，还要把用过的厨具放进水槽或放在附近的台面上。为了达到这个目的，建议工作三角区各点的直线距离不要超过3米。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWyYE6qkEaYoYDUriiQQAb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、清洁区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6K2m2mOqWeQAYpjP6HmvGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从冰箱位置走到水槽边清洗食材，把干净的食材送到烹饪区，然后把用过的炒锅放进水槽里——如果你能让任何通道都避开工作三角区，那么所有的事情都会变得相当简单。还有一个方法能够减少烹饪时你需要移动的距离，那就是让洗碗机的位置尽量靠近水槽，这样浸泡后的炒锅和碗碟就可以经最短的距离送进洗碗机了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGwQm8sKEe6C2ov3qcvSxsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、厨房布局要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnikwQwS4MSqcQmUUtoAfVPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、冰箱","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkKO4Ogi6yGOYGyMiBatVvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冰箱的摆放位置成为你首先考虑的问题之一，因为它构成工作三角区的其中一个点。还要记住，如果你希望冰箱达到最佳工作效率，就需要让它远离暖气片、洗碗机以及烤箱之类的热源。如果你希望冰箱配备冰水分配器，那么请把冰箱安装在水源旁边以方便水管的连接。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMaMUImcEoce6Q412otPkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、橱柜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniaQg2Q2oGakOWcRuY6Co3c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在决定你的储物柜放置在何处之前，要仔细考虑物品放在哪里可以方便存取，例如，存放碗碟的碗柜要放在洗碗机旁边，而调料柜要放在灶具旁。你的橱柜还能提供台面空间，所以设计时也要考虑到这方面，有些大型厨房为此在房间中央设有独立的岛式橱柜。无论橱柜放在何处，都要确认柜门和抽屉开关自如。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwao2aQqSEIKWKWHQOJ8GFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、洗碗机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMYOCoOS488SAm0fxXlgr2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"洗碗机最好放在水槽旁边或其下方，这样的话，需要的时候你可以用清水冲洗餐具并将其堆放在沥水板上。将洗碗机放在此处还有利于连接上下水管，节省额外的配管费用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6OU0CWMUsUOuAhluhEzQkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、水槽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwaMkouG8qme6sJhjkQkdRe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"水槽是工作三角区的第二点，所以它的位置也要尽早确定，同时还要确定灶具和冰箱的摆放位置。请记住，你的厨房需要的是这样一个空间：你可以在这里清洗食物和餐具，不会对其他区域的活动产生影响。还要确保它不会挡住主通道。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcni6KyKA6Qwa6UI3LWHXgWse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、灶具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMsusIQaQuUceujSUWNAYJI"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"由于灶具是工作三角区的第三点，所以它的理想位置将部分受制于水槽和冰箱的相对位置。如果你购买的是橱柜、烤箱和灶台组成的灶具组合，那么摆放起来就较为简单。如果灶台和烤箱是各自独立的，灶台在厨房中间的橱柜上，那么烤箱就应当放在容易够到的地方，通常是烹饪者身后或者附近的一排橱柜中。因为你有可能把食物从灶台转移到烤箱中，然后还要从烤箱中拿出来放回灶台上，所以这两个物件的距离不应超过1.2米。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaewqEECowcOiwrQP9rUXAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、餐桌椅","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6ee28y06oukCgjrfsVvIsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"餐桌椅的摆放位置首先要满足不影响工作三角区的要求，而且为了进出方便，需要在每把餐椅后面留出约1米的空间，所以在厨房空间比较局促的情况下，要达到理想的布局还是很困难的。如果餐桌的某一边通常不会有人坐，那就可以考虑让餐桌一边贴墙，当需要增加一两个座位时再挪到房间的中间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsUU8ao2i2YmimKtzUR5lQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、选择地面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIkYQk6uYO8UOIhpcB9K1Ff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房地面的磨损程度很可能比房子里其他任何房间都严重，所以选择地面的时候要全面考虑需求。除了美观，更要考虑使用期间的维护难度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnugYEgWi4QeOUesqZtUq5Fe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、选择样式","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaMQaK0M2c0QKkX2EqCQ5Vg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用于厨房的地面大致有三种样式：地砖、木地板和无缝地坪。地砖和无缝地坪的感觉更现代，而且比较耐磨﹔如果你想要的是比较随性、质朴自然的感觉，用木地板就更合适。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGqkQqE8U080wiemGuS6Cfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（1）地砖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaACq4GAqQS6Oshtt4ZmSFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地砖是厨房的经典之选。在选择地砖时。需要考虑地砖的大小和表面材料，大块的地砖让空间看上去富有现代感，小块地砖则让厨房看起来比较中规中矩。当然，砖缝越多，日后擦起来也就越费力气。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUea6UwwWYS0c0sgPkzTyld"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1200,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d8b264fc305a426c97ff2c04f2fea745","width":1579},"text":"","id":"doxcnCm8U4uUsw6sEqQj6CtACSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（2）木地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUuq6qCMQ6qus1TabxcB2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木地板必须足够密封，必须能够抵御烹饪时的频繁踩踏和蒸腾水汽的双重侵蚀。长条的木地板可以让空间看上去更长、更宽，所以如果厨房比较小，那么长条木地板是个不错的选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuqo8oKskQWUwZIhDDCuGf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":720,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e595e7ccdfec465bb74a3e1212315988","width":990},"text":"","id":"doxcnQsYc8ouqQIQaqob9132Ppg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"（3）无缝地坪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6AC6OO28A4sOWQZfmS92e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"无缝地坪设计是一种没有接缝的整体地面，材质通常有PVC、橡胶、油毡和浇筑地面，比如水泥或者树脂。最新的整体地面材料已经很高级了，对于小空间来说，这种地面实为明智之选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6MWEUeKCWIoWQxV6fFMbsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":332,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/de726af15b314072b36edf4a3625aa4d","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnOYesCMCW6UciewcIrzL8Tg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、厨房地面分区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYUqY6AqqiUMmohXJsYLbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果你的厨房很大，而且是敞开式厨房，那么从地面上将就餐区与烹饪区划分开来，会让整个厨房设计看上去效果更棒。选—块在颜色上与你的厨房相匹配的小地毯，并将其垫在餐桌椅下面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnECSigWmOicu4sJEljPUrRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要确认你买的地毯足够大，所有桌椅腿脚都能平稳地放在上面，即使将餐椅拉出摆成就餐模式也不会超出地毯的范围。避免选择浅色地毯或会存食物残渣的长绒地毯，要选择容易清洁的地毯材料。用不同的地板划分出就餐区，以便在同一个空间内营造出不同区域氛围的差异。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqAIaKku68My8gffiHo8zKe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":437,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"厨房","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6e6cb3859f254be389e0b26302f9affe","width":658},"text":"","id":"doxcnAmgOq8aCII8Ay6mlN4j6Ub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngWqW0uyEs8WwSuuFfyJL1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一、干净整洁的原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaYEYKYuc4mO6egB7p0JShc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"干净整洁是所有卫生间的最高原则，在设计上最好用清新的色调，光线要充足且柔和。应该配备洗脸盆、浴盆（房）净身器和抽水马桶等，其设备配置应以空间尺度和条件及活动需要为依据。由于所有基本设备皆与水有关，给水与排水系统必须合乎国家质检标准，地面排水斜度与干湿区的划分应妥善处理，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8w8w6WKQeQomc9y7RIANDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":750,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e4b7bb60db44deb80e9df20d304c909","width":1000},"text":"","id":"doxcnyYAEAKuOuiU4cZzWWD46Nf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"二、多元化设计让卫生间更缤纷","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEok0SWqe2G0IQdLjuIoHTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般卫生间的墙壁与地板是以贴白瓷砖为主，但现在多元化的设计一扫冷冰冰的印象，瓷砖的花样颜色变得缤纷多彩，甚至可将墙壁漆成海洋、森林等场景。地板也可以使用木质地板、塑胶板甚至铺上地毯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq0EUEqCayOWoSKv8rOIJCb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e8cdd646aa854654867a5613e55ee586","width":808},"text":"","id":"doxcnmOmc6qmkEkii2Hoh7dQwMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"三、卫生间布局要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuk2g6Es2geQmw3gpEhBUfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、浴缸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCQ00Q8q0eU0G40MPhEdJNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"安排卫生间的平面布局时要首先设计浴缸周围的功能区，因为浴缸是卫生间内最大的物件，所以通常来说，浴缸的安装位置没有太多选择。如果空间比较局促，可以考虑将浴缸贴墙安装，最好置于一个角落。如果卫生间的空间很大，可以考虑安装独立式浴缸，但首先必须经水管工确认，安装独立式浴缸不会存在排水问题。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoKyQamaqC0wUSm1UeGlD4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同时，还要考虑浴缸水龙头的安装位置，比如独立式浴缸通常不需要安装水龙头，因此水龙头需要安装在墙面上，或采用“落地式”水龙头。如果浴缸上方还有配套的淋浴，那么浴缸应当贴墙安装，并设置浴帘以防止溅水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40cuGQ26gEGkVxniwAl2tV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、面盆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCuG6mkukc0ekOOeC0TItpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"原则上，面盆应当安装在马桶旁，它所背靠的应当是实体墙而不是窗户，这样你才能在其上方安装洗脸镜。在选择面盆并为其确定最佳位置之前，最好能想想如何设置储物空间。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn22iAmqwwgOmQasFuYZFGtf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果储物空间紧张，可以考虑安装带嵌入式或平放式面盆的卫生间柜、置物架或储物柜，而不是选择简单的立柱盆。这种选择可能会影响整个卫生间的布局，所以首先要仔细核对卫生间柜的尺寸，以确认它符合卫生间装修计划的要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2YUK6owc6MAIgjfxWLptSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ea1558c3b0a848518ed7dd12d39e057f","width":775},"text":"","id":"doxcnA4ggOA6EmKg0SskwsSTdsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、马桶","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnscQiW0YiYU4su28abshfId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般来说，马桶的最佳安装位置是紧贴或临近外墙。因为这样排水系统设计起来更简单，而且通常这也意味着马桶位于窗台或排气扇下方。为了使用方便，它也应当正对或紧挨着面盆。如果马桶临近外墙，要注意尽量避免粗大的污水管影响观瞻，应当对其做隐蔽处理，可利用这种隐蔽处理创造一些小型储物空间。至于洁具的选择，市场上出售的马桶有各种配置和大小，所以如果空间比较局促，那就一定要多跑几家商店，认真核对规格，然后再做决定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY2mOSag8QGs2IjKEnUsS4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、收纳柜","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUKkM46AyG4oOOSMtq4xeLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的储藏空间越多越好。像卫生间用品架、毛巾架和衣物挂钩这样的物件应设置在浴缸或淋浴附近。和堆放干净毛巾的搁板一样，存放化妆品、药品和清洁用品的吊柜也很有用。还可以充分利用浴缸护板后面的空间，通过一个小门很方便地存取物品。为了营造出和谐统一的外观，可以选择面盆下方带有充足储藏空间的卫生间柜或储物柜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6AmSOSUoAwuiaEm76ZKIg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":557,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/798fc2a4c06a497eaa68913283ce42b4","width":809},"text":"","id":"doxcny8ocuIk48Q8q6L01ABy9ga"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、淋浴","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCoe4uM4mywGKO3eCmzrsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果这是家里唯一的卫生间，而且空间够大，那么可以考虑安装独立淋浴。为了让空间看上去整齐统一，也为了上下水管路安装简便，可以将淋浴安装在浴缸的同侧墙面，并选择与浴缸相同深度的淋浴盆。如果你仍有多余空间，那么安装一套步入式淋浴房则显得更有档次。如果卫生间的天花板是坡面，可以将淋浴安装在卫生间举架最高的区域（要考虑淋浴盆的高度）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneqAm6UyIk8aMiKA13EZPWd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":428,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8dc05c4d7c88448aabdf2889c17cb00b","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnimSmQ4iUAWWay69BofMoRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"四、选择地面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6420gCo6WMiAc92G5acM4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"卫生间的地面不仅要美观，还应当防滑、耐用、容易清洁，光脚走在上面舒服、自然，而且尤为重要的是要防潮、防湿。木地板、地砖和无缝地坪都可以营造现代风格，而前两种更适合复古风格的卫生间。地砖和无缝地坪的防潮效果较好；木地板防水性不佳，但如果你非常喜欢木地板，也可以将其用于卫生间地面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8weS8EAaEWk62nVtaIi57c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、地砖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMk04Q8SgcgEGKsITBejgCf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地砖可以使用很多材质，包括瓷砖、陶砖和PVC砖，颜色和尺寸的选择也很多。尽管地砖看上去是很合理的选择，但由于其质地坚硬且触感冰凉。所以铺地砖的卫生间最好使用地暖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0kyyyyCIIeuwMhCK82VTfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、无缝地坪","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0G8qo66C80oYwpWsRPDsBc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PVC和橡胶地板是卫生间常用的无缝地坪材质。另外，树脂浇筑地坪也是不错的选择。无缝地坪适合较为狭小的空间，由于没有接缝，所以看上去很整洁。不过，如果一处受损，整张地坪都需更换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnGkkUgoSswe4gg3W5rQhPSf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、木地板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQU6gcWaauGQsQziICpgE6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"木地板的颇色和纹理会为时尚感较强的卫生间营造一种温馨的感觉。如果家里的其他房间也使用木地板，那么用木地板作为地面也会令卫生间与家里其他部分的风格更加统一。如果卫生间湿度大，那么最好不要使用实木地板，应选择复合地板、实木复合地板或者类似PVC材质的地板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCAUms4w6qq8M0cK0J5REaf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件及课程资源","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYS4i0I8kCM0Gw1rma0xaJd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐软件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneAi0aOYEiUYA0hWvxEmhS0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"家装设计是一个专业性极强的领域，设计师要在安全、实用、有限预算的前提下，充分考虑空间、色彩、光影、装饰、陈设、绿化等要素进行设计。在当今室内设计领域，有以下一些好用的装修设计软件可以为设计工作提供帮助。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQ4GEEEu0W6ewKskv3Wa8xh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、3DS MAX","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnc24ImOMgM6sYg7gogp7eXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3D Max由著名的Autodesk公司出品，是全球应用最广泛的三维建模、动画、渲染和制作软件，多被用于室内设计表现、建筑与景观设计表现、工业造型设计表现以及动画制作等领域。在室内设计中，3D Max主要用到的功能模块有建模系统、材质系统、灯光系统、相机等。作为一款经典房屋设计软件，其兼容性优良，可与CAD、SU、PS、Al等软件交互配合使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQemqKWaKMeACIdnWm8QzDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、AutoCAD","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKEiEQYOMoKaqcx3f04OdWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCAD亦由Autodesk公司出品，已有近40年的历史，具有二维绘图、详细绘制、设计文档和基本三维设计等功能，是国际上广为流行的绘图工具，可以用于装饰装潢、土木建筑、工业制图、工程制图、电子工业、服装加工等多个领域。作为当代设计师必不可少的十大室内设计软件之一，AutoCAD还被作为高等职业院校室内设计及相关专业的教学软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28Yao8U6kyCUonzzadyFOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、酷家乐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqYE4QWOSggwGUJeWkmSAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"高人气国产室内装修设计软件，致力于云渲染、云设计、BIM、VR、AR、A等技术的研发，实现\"所见即所得\"的全景VR设计装修新模式，可以5分钟生成装修方案，10秒生成效果图，一键生成VR方案。软件总用户量在2000万以上，入驻设计师超过500万，平均每日渲染图超过150万张，全年用户总渲染效果图达2.21亿张，小米、美克美家、林氏木业等12000家品牌企业都是其服务对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm4gSYAM8WwWuqUXjObxHYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、草图大师","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAwyQ2EEgqa0KSWZtTeik1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"草图大师SketchUP简称SU，是一款极受欢迎并且易于使用的3D设计软件，世界各地的许多公司与学校皆采用此工具进行设计工作。从业余设计、居家环境的改善，到设计大型且复杂的住宅区、商业区、工业区、都会区等计划，皆可用此工具进行。草图大师还建立了庞大的3D模型库，集合了来自全球多个国家的模型资源，用户可以从中找到自己想要的资源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMmc0weuS08oOCI95HmKIUA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、Photoshop","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQu6QMECYm8o42vhcBrJoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PS既是平面设计软件，也是室内设计的辅助软件，主要用于处理后期效果图。由于使用3D Max等软件对复杂模型进行渲染时速度会很慢，同时效果图仅用于表现室内环境和整体感觉，消耗大量渲染时间用于这类非主体就比较浪费了，所以PS成为了后期的渲染工具以从素材库里选取植物、家具、其它软装、甚至人物、宠物等贴图来表现，后期也方便修改。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQcqmUGEwqGaEeUMSR10hIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"推荐课程资源","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCSKwu2ey08yAuezyEXRjMh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、拓者设计吧（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"tuozhe8.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""},{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIGagEieSuEYMgC87BTN8C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拓者设计吧是一个专业的室内设计行业网站，提供最新的室内设计作品图片欣赏，最新的装修效果图，效果图作品点评，3dsmax室内设计教程，cad室内设计教程，vray教程，效果图后期处理教程，施工教程，风水教程；提供最新的欧模网模型下载，3d66网模型下载，拓者设计吧模型下载，室内联盟模型下载，提供最新的软装设计案例，软装设计教程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCqC46MsOswGAGGY3YFc2Gd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、马蹄设计网（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"mt-bbs.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiIo22suWMiGWcHeCwuiYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马蹄网为专业室内设计师用户提供资源丰富、稳定优质的各类设计相关服务。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6OeYW42QMqiEho4wra2Xc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、室内设计联盟（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"cool-de.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2myYAYQk6cwIuSN1GQJ4ee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"涉及行业资讯、室内设计、软装设计、建筑设计、装修设计、绘画艺术等众多创意领域，专注于装修、艺术、室内动漫等相关创意产业服务。有作品展示、学习交流、线上教学、素材出售等等板块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmMsqO2KISm0A545MTu7RCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、设计本（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"shejiben.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuCa6kQg0WOQsaUFMagkIrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同于以上网站，设计本不仅是作品展示平台，同时也可以进行接单。有客服对接，商业化比较重，有流量，可接单。设计师也可以把自己的作品放置到平台上，自行接单。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8gmsk6IE2AI2YBdfIA4ozh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"5、Houzz（国际版）（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"houzz.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmKyGaiGq6OgEw1J7hxjRye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"国际室内设计排名第一的网站，被CNN盛赞为“室内设计的维基百科”。Houzz提供各种最新的家居设计、室内设计等资讯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEMs82gkOomUgCORVyr8chd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"6、美间（meijian.io）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwaS8CO2g8WkkSKhBe4Hide"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实用，功能齐全，操作便捷。人气栏目：自动抠图、一键替换，商家合作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO8icMKC2ouCsM1DDSTskJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"7、ARCHITONIC（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"architonic.com/en","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqysi8m4eY0cIoz711mSEld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个专门针对室内设计软装的一个资料库，提供了国外知名品牌的设计家具、系统家具、室内建材的信息，对于学设计的学生是很好的资源。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUEcMy6s0KcyE8jTcaNq8Bh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"8、建E室内设计网（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"justeasy.cn","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4E4E2Oqqi6YsYz2IYI3nLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前中国较好的原创室内设计素材与门户网站之一。一直致力于为中国建筑、室内、家具、3D设计师提供高品质、高精度的3D家具模型以及其他相关设计素材、设计工具以及云工作平台。有高质量3D模型、SU模型、效果图、设计案例、VR全景、云渲染、线上培训等等板块。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOeIqccKoic4s6EhGFh9T2a"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"9、欧模网（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"om.cn","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2aG648MQQWU6E0Y4iI3fbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最全最多的3D设计素材资源库，3D模型资源库包括原创模型、免费模型、名师模型专栏、贴图灯光素材等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniuM8kWGS0IqAmiZp4LUszd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"10、知末（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"znzmo.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0OSiQcUoCGaOIjXwDxJHgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一家为室内设计师提供3D模型下载、3D模型库免费下载、效果图制作、贴图下载的设计交易服务平台,拥有20多万3d模型、30万贴图、2000多家效果图制作公司。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnokKaE68Am6KScq9EzLjjib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"11、3D溜溜网(","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3d66.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsqwMWwuIuQKCmSR4xImiyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"目前国内最全面和优质的3D模型素材下载基地之一，基本室内各种资源都有，如软件、模型、素材、贴图、教程等等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuuUmmGSOECc8ov51IrYOvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"12、sketchup吧(","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"sketchupbar.com","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":")","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnS6oek62GUk2CAT8WM6PqMe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“SketchUp吧”是国内知名的以设计师最常使用的SketchUp及相关技术交流为主的设计网站。收录各类SketchUp模型上万个，已成为中国最热门的SketchUp原创作品基地和SketchUp设计模型分享发源地。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0O4qmSaoaqUqwZ4eKFAmXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"13、pinterest（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"pinterest.com/etsy","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcns6yAKS6gsKwoScebhYmqog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Pinterest 是很多设计师都在用的素材网站，你可以用关键字搜寻到高品质的设计图片。Designboom、Dezeen等网站在Pinterest 都有官方账号。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIIK4Ys00M22SEXVqeXahZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"14、花瓣家居/家装板块（","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"huaban.com/favorite/home","id":""},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW4MweAcUmuMyCiZHKsLR2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这个网站每天都有更新，而且分类很明确，不管你是平面设计，环艺设计还是动漫设计和工业设计，你都可以在里面找到相应的素材，整体格调也比较高，图片很精美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWE26Ycu2mg2Wqe4I0esYed"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是对家装设计的具体介绍，希望能对您学习家装设计有所助益！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWKSIiOQCkA8aWE91Qhky7d"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

我想从事绿化？

最重要的，《树木学》，了解各种植物的习性和特点。《花卉学》，了解花卉。像《植物造景》、《插花艺术》、《盆景学》、《园林艺术》等，也要多接触。如果要做施工，《园林工程》要学习，重要的是要实践，干干工程试试。要是做设计，《园林设计》、CAD、PS、3DMAX、草图大师，都要学的。其实现在国家越来越重视绿化了，园林绿化是一个很有前景的专业。

室内设计教程？

室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。

学习基础知识

刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。

美术基础知识

室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：

10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

线条画法：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

明暗：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

构图：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

色彩：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。

透视

透视的基本原理：

视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。

透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。

关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。

素描透视的认识：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

平行（一点）透视

物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。

成角（两点）透视

物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。

斜角透（三点）视

此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。

灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。

线条基本画法

任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。

直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。

竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。

曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。

折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。

马克笔技法

平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。

线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。

点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。

扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。

蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。

会出现的问题

运笔太慢：

纸没有完全压在笔上：

画的时候犹豫：

点的时候太过僵硬：

构图基本规律

构图就是搭建画面的骨架关系，是将众多的视觉元素进行有机的安排、组合。以达到视觉上的审美要求。

构图是手绘画面中十分重要的的基础环节，在深入刻画之前，应该选择合适的视角，恰当、协调的安排布置各个对象在画画中的面积、位置、比例等关系以及体块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要做到平衡中求变化、变化中求统一。

明暗

有光就有明暗。

通常光照射物体，会产生受光面、背光面、反光面，我们把看到这整体场景关系称作明暗。

在绘画时要注意整幅画的明暗关系，打好明暗交界线之后，用较浅的色调画大体的明暗，要借助大体的明暗呈现来调整轮廓和形体的关系。

光线直线前进

放射线状的太阳光源和照亮一点的手电光源都是笔直地前进的。

任何物体离光源越远，光的影响越弱，颜色越暗色，这种性质无论在空气中、水中、玻璃中等地方都不会改变。

光会反射

①反射光

每个物体的光反射率不同，物体的质感表现也会发生变化，反射率越低颜色越发黑，反射率越高颜色越高光。

②反射光

因为光线会反射，所以物体的橙色会在地板上变成淡蓝色。

举例

球形的画法：

1、通过正方形来切出圆的基本型，表现出明暗交界线和投影形状。

2、铺出暗部、投影和亮部背景，注意画明暗交界线时是用短直线相衔接来表现这一弧形的。

3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体，然后从明暗交界线逐步加强，使之在统一中寻找变化。

4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改，使画面节奏关系和谐统一。

色彩运用

色彩基本概念：

1、色相：表示色的特质，例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等，表示色彩相貌的差异。

2、明度：表示色彩的强度，即亮度和深浅程度，白色物体反射率最高，所以明度就最高，黑色物体则反之。

3、纯度：即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色，那么该色相的明度就会越来越高，而纯度越来越低；如果色彩不断混入黑色，它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。

冷色

青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调，具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉，我们称为冷色。

暖色

桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调，会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉，我们称为暖色。

充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间，改善空间效果。

而这些色彩的作用可以总结为：膨胀色和收缩色，前进色和后退色，上升色与下坠色。

暖色具有膨胀感，冷色具有收缩感：

小户型房屋设计的时候，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更加小巧；而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大，比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。

暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。

空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。

浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。

利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。

我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:

背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；

主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；

配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；

点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。

搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。

同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。

进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。

1、单色调搭配

以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。

2、相似色调搭配

相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。

3、互补色调搭配

互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。

4、无彩色调搭配

全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。

CAD基础知识

学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。

下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。

CAD教程之基本工具的使用：https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/

工具的使用

AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。

初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。

不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。

后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。

其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。

访问工具栏

工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。

功能区选项卡

放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。

功能面板

选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。

文件标签栏

显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。

图形窗口

创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。

命令历史

命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。

命令行

跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。

在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。

命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。

模型布局标签

CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。

状态栏

状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。

低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。

特性面板（属性框）

CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。

我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。

CAD常用功能

常用CTRL，ALT快捷键

ALT+TK 如快速选择

ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口

ALT+MUP提取轮廓

Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)

Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上

Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)

Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)

Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令

Ctrl+K: 超级链接

Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件

Ctrl+M: 打开选项对话框

Ctrl+O：打开图象文件

Ctrl+P：打开打印对话框

Ctrl+S：保存文件

Ctrl+U：极轴模式控制(F10)

Ctrl+v：粘贴剪贴板上的内容

Ctrl+W：对象追 踪式控制(F11)

Ctrl+X：剪切所选择的内容

Ctrl+Y：重做

Ctrl+Z：取消前一步的操作

Ctrl+1：打开特性对话框

Ctrl+2：打开图象资源管理器

Ctrl+3：打开工具选项板

Ctrl+6：打开图象数据原子

Ctrl+8或QC：快速计算器

尺寸标注

DRA：半径标注

DDI：直径标注

DAL：对齐标注

DAN：角度标注

END：捕捉到端点

MID：捕捉到中点

INT：捕捉到交点

CEN：捕捉到圆心

QUA：捕捉到象限点

TAN：捕捉到切点

PER：捕捉到垂足

NOD：捕捉到节点

NEA：捕捉到最近点

AA：测量区域和周长(area)

ID：指定坐标

LI：指定集体(个体)的坐标

AL：对齐(align)

AR： 阵列(array)

AP：加载*lsp程系

AV：打开视图对话框(dsviewer)

SE：打开对象自动捕捉对话框

ST：打开字体设置对话框(style)

SO：绘制二围面( 2d solid)

SP：拼音的校核(spell)

SC：缩放比例 (scale)

SN：栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)

DT：文本的设置(dtext)

DI：测量两点间的距离

OI：插入外部对象

LE：引线标注

ST：单行文本输入

La：图层管理器

绘图命令

A：绘圆弧

B：定义块

C：画圆

D：尺寸资源管理器

E：删除

F：倒圆角

G：对象组合

H：填充

I：插入

J：对接

S：拉伸

T：多行文本输入

W：定义块并保存到硬盘中

L：直线

M：移动

X：炸开

V：设置当前坐标

U：恢复上一次操作

O：偏移

P：移动

Z：缩放

提高效率技巧

1、作图步骤：设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。

2、绘图始终使用1：1比例。为改变图样的大小，可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。

3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽，而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。

4、需精确绘图时，可使用栅格捕捉功能，并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。

5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中，应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入，然后打印出图。

6、对于有名对象，如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等，命名时不仅要简明，而且要遵循一定的规律，以便于查找和使用。

7、将一些常用设置，如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF)，以后绘制新图时，可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它，并开始绘图。

下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例，大家可以看看。

3ds max基础知识

3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。

打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。

各部分介绍如下

①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。

②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。

③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。

④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。

⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。

⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。

⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。

⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。

⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。

⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。

菜单栏

菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。

1、【文件】菜单

在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。

2、【编辑】菜单

在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。

3、【工具】菜单

在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。

4、【组】菜单

【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。

5、【视图】菜单

【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。

6、【创建】菜单

在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。

7、【修改器】菜单

在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。

8、【动画】菜单

【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。

9、【图形编辑器】菜单

【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。

10、【渲染】菜单

在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。

11、【Civil View】菜单

【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。

12、【自定义】菜单

【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。

13、【脚本】菜单

在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。

14、【帮助】菜单

在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。

主工具栏

主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。

1、撤销和重做工具

在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。

2、链接绑定类工具

链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。

【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。

【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。

【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。

3、对象选择类工具

对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。

使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。

【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。

单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。

选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。

【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。

4、对象操作类工具

对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。

使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。

【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。

使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。

【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。

【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。

使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。

使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。

5、精准类工具

精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。

【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。

【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。

【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。

【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。

6、选择集类工具

选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。

【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。

【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。

7、镜像对齐类工具

镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。

使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。

对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。

【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。

【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。

【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。

【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。

【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。

8、资源管理器类工具

资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。

【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。

【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。

9、视图类工具

切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。

【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。

【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。

【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。

10、材质编辑器工具

【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。

11、渲染类工具

渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具，分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。

【渲染设置】按钮（快捷键为F10）可以打开【渲染设置】对话框，所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。

【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框，在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。

【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。

功能区

单击主工具栏中的（切换功能区）按钮，即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的，如图所示。

视口

3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口，默认情况下视口包括4部分，分别是顶视图（快捷键为T）、前视图（快捷键为F）、左视图（快捷键为L）、透视图（快捷键为P），如图所示。

例如，单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标，模型会转动到左侧，并且视图左上方变成了【正交】，若想再次切换回【前视图】，则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来，如图所示。

单击视图左上方的四个按钮，能分别弹出四个对话框，可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等，如图所示。

状态栏控件

状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方，它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息，并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息，如图所示。

迷你侦听器：用于MAXScript语言的交互翻译器，它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。

状态栏：此处可显示选中了几个对象。

提示行：此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。

孤立当前选择切换：单击该按钮将只选择该对象。

选择锁定切换：单击该按钮可以锁定该对象，此时其他对象将无法选择。

绝对模式变换输入：单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。

相对/绝对变换输入：可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。

自适应降级：启用该工具，在操作场景时会更流畅。

栅格：此处显示栅格数值。

时间标记：单击可以添加和编辑标记。

动画控件

动画控件位于状态栏的右侧，这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果，包括关键点控制和时间控制等，如图所示。

命令面板

命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成，使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能，以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具，3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板，如图所示。

进入【创建】面板，其中包括7种对象，分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】，如图所示。

几何体：用来创建几何体模型，如长方体、球体等。

图形：用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线，如线、圆、矩形等。

灯光：用来创建场景中的灯光，如目标灯光、泛光灯。

摄影机：用来创建场景中的摄影机。

辅助对象：用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。

空间扭曲：用来创建空间扭曲对象，常搭配粒子使用。

系统：用来创建系统工具，如骨骼、环形阵列等。

【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数，还可以为对象添加修改器。

【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具，通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接，可以创建对象之间的父子关系，包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。

【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。

【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。

【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序，例如塌陷、测量等。

时间尺

【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分，如图所示。

时间线滑块：位于3dmax界面下方，拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置，还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。

轨迹栏：位于【时间线滑块】下方，用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。

视口导航

视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧，主要用来控制视图的显示和导航，使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图，如图所示。

缩放：使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。

视野：使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。

缩放所有视图：使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。

平移视图：使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。

最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中，快捷键为Z。

环绕子对象：使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。

所有视图最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。

最大化视口切换：单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。

3ds max快捷键

显示降级适配(开关) 【O】

适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】

排列 【Alt】+【A】

角度捕捉(开关) 【A】

动画模式 (开关) 【N】

改变到后视图 【K】

背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】

前一时间单位 【.】

改变到上(Top)视图 【T】

改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】

改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】

改变到前(Front)视图 【F】

改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】

改变到右(Right)视图 【R】

改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】

循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】

默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】

删除物体 【DEL】

当前视图暂时失效 【D】

是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】

显示第一个工具条 【Alt】+【1】

专家模式棿佑(开关) 【Ctrl】+【X】

暂存(Hold)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【H】

取回(Fetch)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【F】

冻结所选物体 【6】

跳到第一帧 【HOME】

显示/隐藏相机(Cameras) 【Shift】+【C】

显示/隐藏几何体(Geometry) 【Shift】+【O】

显示/隐藏网格(Grids) 【G】

显示/隐藏帮助(Helpers)物体 【Shift】+【H】

显示/隐藏光源(Lights) 【Shift】+【L】

显示/隐藏粒子系统(Particle Systems) 【Shift】+【P】

显示/隐藏空间扭曲(Space Warps)物体 【Shift】+【W】

锁定用户界面(开关) 【Alt】+【0】

匹配到相机(Camera)视图 【Ctrl】+【C】

材质(Material)编辑器【M】

最大化当前视图 (开关) 【W】

脚本编辑器 【F11】

新的场景 【Ctrl】+【N】

法线(Normal)对齐 【Alt】+【N】

向下轻推网格小键盘【-】

向上轻推网格小键盘【+】

NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】

NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】

NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】

偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】

打开一个MAX文件 【Ctrl】+【O】

平移视图 【Ctrl】+【P】

交互式平移视图 【I】

放置高光(Highlight) 【Ctrl】+【H】

播放/停止动画 【/】

快速(Quick)渲染 【Shift】+【Q】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

回到上一视图*作 【Shift】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

撤消视图*作 【Shift】+【Z】

刷新所有视图 【1】

用前一次的参数进行渲染 【Shift】+【E】或【F9】

渲染配置 【Shift】+【R】或【F10】

在xy/yz/zx锁定中循环改变 【F8】

约束到X轴 【F5】

约束到Y轴 【F6】

透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】

选择父物体 【PageUp】

选择子物体 【PageDown】

根据名称选择物体 【H】

选择锁定(开关) 【空格】

减淡所选物体的面(开关) 【F2】

显示所有视图网格(Grids)(开关) 【Shift】+【G】

显示/隐藏命令面板 【3】

显示/隐藏浮动工具条 【4】

显示最后一次渲染的图画 【Ctrl】+【I】

显示/隐藏主要工具栏【Alt】+【6】

显示/隐藏安全框 【Shift】+【F】

显示/隐藏所选物体的支架 【J】

显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】

百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】

打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】

循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】

声音(开关) 【\】

间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】

改变到光线视图 【Shift】+【4】

循环改变子物体层级 【Ins】

子物体选择(开关) 【Ctrl】+【B】

帖图材质(Texture)修正 【Ctrl】+【T】

加大动态坐标 【+】

减小动态坐标 【-】

激活动态坐标(开关) 【X】

精确输入转变量 【F12】

全部解冻 【7】

根据名字显示隐藏的物体 【5】

刷新背景图像(Background) 【Alt】+【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【B】

显示几何体外框(开关) 【F4】

视图背景(Background) 【Alt】+【B】

用方框(Box)快显几何体(开关) 【Shift】+【B】

打开虚拟现实 数字键盘【1】

虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】

虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】

虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】

虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】

虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】

虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】

实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 【F3】

全部视图显示所有物体 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

*视窗缩放到选择物体范围(Extents) 【E】

缩放范围 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【Z】

视窗放大两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【+】

放大镜工具 【Z】

视窗缩小两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【-】

根据框选进行放大 【Ctrl】+【w】

视窗交互式放大 【[】

视窗交互式缩小 【]】

轨迹视图

加入(Add)关键帧 【A】

前一时间单位 【<;】

下一时间单位 【>;】

编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】

编辑区域模式 【F3】

编辑时间模式 【F2】

展开对象(Object)切换 【O】

展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】

函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】

锁定所选物体 【空格】

向上移动高亮显示 【↓】

向左轻移关键帧 【←】

向右轻移关键帧 【→】

位置区域模式 【F4】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】

向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】

材质编辑器

用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】

渲染配置 【F10】

撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】

示意(Schematic)视图

下一时间单位 【>;】

前一时间单位 【<;】

回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】

绘制(Draw)区域 【D】

渲染(Render) 【R】

锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】

草图大师基础

sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。

软件基础知识

我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。

下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：

打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。

第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。

第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。

第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。

第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。

第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。

第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。

第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。

详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：

Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/

下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模

1、建模前的准备工作

一般我们的景观方案确定好后，就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面，如图1，但是图1的cad化的平面，最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的，简化后的cad线稿，如图2。

图1

图2

2、CAD线稿整理

①另存一个cad

命名不能用中文，因为汉字和字母的算法不一样，SU可能识别出错。

②炸开组件

将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件，可能是用天正等软件绘制，导入SU后会消失。

③删除一些影响平面整体性的线

再删除字体、标高，雕塑，景石，坐凳，灯具，铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。

④线条高度归零

SU是在一个平面上面建模的，所以线条需要统一标高。

⑤归同一个图层

将所以线条归在同一个图层，方便后面清理cad。

⑥pu清理cad

清理cad其他图层，目的减少cad内存，导入su的时候不占太多内存。

3、SU建模前的整理

①SU开始界面

SU开始界面，会让我们选择一个模板，这里以2015版本为例，我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。

②导入cad线稿

SU导入cad的时候，会出现一个窗口，右边选项，记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图3

③炸开线稿

④线稿封面

一般需要用到插件（胚子库）来封面，可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图5

图3

图4

图5

4、SU建模

①正面建模

Su有正反面之分，正面为白色，反面为蓝色，模型外面需要是正面，为了导入lumion渲染的时候，可以识别，lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。

②成组（组件）建模

按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件，目的是为了方便后期修改，不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。

③贴材质

材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用，也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图6

④放置建筑

模型大体完成，这样就可以进入lumion渲染，如果目前只需要su出图的话，再进行第五步

⑤放置植物，人物，小品

SU出图效果也不错，放置一些植物，人物，小品来营造氛围

⑥植物配置

植物配置方式有多种形式，总结来说就是二个字“层次”。

图6

关于sketchup建模的课程，大家可以看看以下视频学习以下：

最简单的3D建模软件：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

从0到1，手把手带你学会SU建模：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

软件的快捷键

掌握快捷键知识，可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便，相对来说是一种进阶的知识。

学习资料推荐

《建筑装饰制图与识图（第4版）》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用，介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例，便于读者对照学习。

《中文版3ds Max 2020实用教程》

《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》

《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。

室内设计过程

室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。

策划阶段

1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。

2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。

3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。

方案阶段

1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。

2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。

施工图阶段

1、装修施工图

①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；

②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；

③立面图、剖面图

④大样图、详图

2、设备施工图

①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；

②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；

③暖通：系统、空调布置

室内设计风格

现代风格

现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。

工业风格

工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。

北欧风格

这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。

日式北欧融合

自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点，与之不同的是，北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主，偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合，就形成了经典的美学。

复古风格

随着审美的发展，设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格，这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感，常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。

地中海风格

地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征，与蓝色和绿色形成对比，代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料，如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目，此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。

极简主义设计

极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁，体现了“少即是多”的主张。

中式复古风格

中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰，装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。

中式装修在选材上也很是讲究，因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分，大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋，这样既温馨自然，也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。

在装饰品方面，最好都有中国元素在里面，像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择，还可以加入一些盆栽，使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局，讲究对称美，中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。

新中式风格

新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。

简约中式风格

中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间，不会有中式那种沉闷，也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是，不奢华，又不失品味。每一个房间，甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。

室内设计原则

1、 整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；

2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；

3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；

4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；

5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。

学习资料推荐

学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。

教材：

1、《色彩构成》

2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬

本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会

3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽

这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。

4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳

本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。

视频课程：

室内设计零基础入门教程https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

彻底学会3DMAXhttps://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click

除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计是从建筑设计中的装饰部分演变出来的，它是根据建筑物的使用性质、所处环境和相应标准，创造出合理、舒适、美观、满足人们物质生活和精神生活需要的室内环境。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmMad2QeYoWSUCx8jP8cgAfvnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsakdsI2Ko8iiUxmQA3czsfBnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚接触室内装饰设计，需要先学习一些室内设计的基础知识，比如美术基础知识、CAD、3D建模知识，这些都是需要学习的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AW28duoIWowUuUx0okZczK3Enpf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"美术基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DS0KdqeiwoIucyxqgsscTAfxn9C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计需要用到的美术基础知识，包括透视、线条画法、构图、明暗、色彩等，我们简单介绍一下。因为是简介，受限于篇幅限制，提前给大家推荐一些学习资料：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Uqday2woGKaIxiQNkcjxGun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10分钟快速掌握透视的基础知识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Ep4y1W7hA/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8cqdYceGo0ykkxOiJycSmspn3b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条画法：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1aK4y1o74Z/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gaomdqu2aoIsOOxEBgkcwMC1nuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1du411C7Ap/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IcC8dG4gOo22gMxeKlbcJTsLnBh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12s411J7PD/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HGqGdQ0yWoMwQwxu6Enckp0pngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Y3411M7e5/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQModekMUo8iuexiCkncDnkOnpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了上面的这些资料，大家也可以自己在网上寻找资料，如我要自学网、b站等免费较多，勤学网较专业部分需要付费可供有进一步深入学习的读者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGIQdOgMSooSA0xctQpcbs3mnNc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ge8gd2YacoGmKexgbW0cIUcan1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视的基本原理：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgcKdcc0Yo2wgIxjllccn5EEnb4"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视觉上产生近大远小、近宽远窄、近长远短、近实远虚的现象，就是形体透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ow2wdc0kSoSOeOx8G4ZcRlQHnlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透视包括一点透视、两点透视、三点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8q0dokSAom4ykx0aPncNOBunMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于透视的具体解说，大家也可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgUidQ2cyoGQa8x2R67cD5iJnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"素描透视的认识：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1DQ4y1C7rG/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L46gdCgI6oUSG4xaU3UcLu3xnMg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"平行（一点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SYQudi4UyoEMcIxOIlgcL67in1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体与画面平行，底面与地面平行，视线上有一个中心消失点的透视现象，为平行透视，只有一个消失点，又被称为一点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PAEYdAeQgoY0mgxQ5L1cAXyhnbb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"成角（两点）透视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XOy0d2uMuo4ymgxx243c1PYgntY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"物体一面与地面平行，其他面与画面形成角度，叫成角透视，分别消失于两个余点，又可叫两点透视。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KecEdE6EQo4Y8oxSGhuco3iRnOe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XMEodUc2GoMSukxgRo6cBLzXnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"此现象的前提是物体么有任何一条边缘或面与画面平行，物体与视线形成角度，会形成延伸现象，并消失与3个点。又叫三点透视，为高度空间的透视现象。当物体低于眼睛，即俯视物体，消失点在水平线之下。反之，仰视物体时，物体高于眼睛，消失点在水平线之上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUuedyouuoGa4cxmAEccuJ28nzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灭点：指的是立体图形各点延伸线向消失延伸的相交点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B2qkdIQMUowiOUxwpGxcP3tcnLg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":810,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"斜角透（三点）视","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bd49053a44b64632be7f9ed76cd77468","width":1080},"text":"","id":"NC6wdMqquo8YYsxBBuTcGqV7nbn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQw6dyGYko8oWSxYjEUc1bTonGe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgmSd2mCCoEu8Kxs3sBcUlkDnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何画都是由无数条线组合而成的，画线条时要干脆利落不要过于生硬。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VMmUd0KQQoyeMmxwpGHcLSZKnNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"直线：直线是最常用的一种线，它分为快线和慢线两种。慢线比较好掌握，而快线就需要一定时间来练习了。快线表现出来的画面更具有视觉冲击力，画面效果更富有生命力和灵动性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMm8duOSooYMuixkVTOcm14bnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":164,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/12073ea963f14e6ea8724ca7365f8df5","width":300},"text":"","id":"TQcqdC0OgoOYWcxuWtUc3VW8nlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖线：竖线是较难画的一种线，在建筑、景观、规划中最为常用。画竖线力度要均匀分配到整个手臂，重点加大手与纸之间的摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsKCdg6WioAwkCxYNPpcgp8vnRe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":256,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b0e4cbc4073747a1852a013f13c633cc","width":357},"text":"","id":"EOykdSCUEoMuE8xq02ecEteEnjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"曲线：曲线要根据画面情况而定，如果很细的图，为了避免画歪、画斜而影响画面整体效果。我们可以用慢线的形式来画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ICwGdE2cQocm8ox0K7gcYhgjnjd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":364,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60de58da27164c1bbe91ca1ea76350e9","width":292},"text":"","id":"RoE4dYksYoWiKsx4CqjcPnV3nhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"折线：折线是线条中最难画的一种，有以下3种情况。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYIAdKWMyoq2qwxQbcacuomhngh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":475,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"线条基本画法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2c6fb382f6764e2f900a0b12bbef4522","width":522},"text":"","id":"Fyswd6Eg8o8wEux4cpzcaznwnRd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2WOdeAImoUAm0xQDGZcy8HSn4c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移：下笔时要把笔头完全压在纸面上，快速、果断的画出。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VaIIdyGGEoaQKqxEP1bcpkM6nDd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":113,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3f4e12ffaab401cb9fc869a1102e359","width":184},"text":"","id":"VKwMdme0qoMEwmxiS2scRTz8nAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"线：要用宽笔头的笔尖来画，每层颜色过度用的线不要太多。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCYCd4AOgoq0eMxmcCxcJKm9nHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":69,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcfb0affb1e347cf8fd3e7d169642984","width":230},"text":"","id":"WE8OdKQawoYs2ExyOCFchAlEn7S"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点：一般用在画植物、草地等地方，活泼画面气氛，在画点的时候要注意要将笔头完全贴于纸面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PCcCdUweCosCS2xg1DOcnnfanSh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/42931fdb5a4048c6a7a5af94260a454d","width":244},"text":"","id":"NWmUds0MUoicMexmcYqcjtHonQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"扫笔：在运笔时快速抬起笔，用笔触留下一条“尾巴”，多适用于浅色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuU2d0K0Mo624qxYnYhcKLF2neb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":87,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7acc96e58f06411a87735bad64a2ff86","width":212},"text":"","id":"SE0kdc886oC4aGxIhPncSyRrnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"蹭笔：用马克笔快速来回蹭出一个面，使画面质感过度更加柔和、干净。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EKy6dSAoAoAwgwxwBk2cZVENnPc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":153,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9095546aaf1e4df094c3c2c3aa4982f7","width":278},"text":"","id":"FeOcduuMeoseo4xCuDPcqGqTn9c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"会出现的问题","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4qcdEM08ocagkxgt2ScriOpn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"运笔太慢：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IkWodmEauoUq2exeAw5cMs1onqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":132,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/44cb89581cba4ec594c3863c32ce800f","width":193},"text":"","id":"O8ESdA2MSocesWxMrJbcP6Monsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸没有完全压在笔上：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZKS8d4UySokIQuxCYGEcIviAn4e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":97,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e8bfd5364a7d4897bfac133f436b0875","width":209},"text":"","id":"OIqCdmWI4oeCg6xempDcIRzXnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"画的时候犹豫：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ToEId6g2Mocy4Ex2xW5cTh1wnEb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":108,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b3971458a734b35b77f3bd201e4e7d0","width":175},"text":"","id":"R24wdeaWKocI20xwJUKclkFun4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点的时候太过僵硬：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BIGwd4wuYoQw8yxoxfrcqlrtnoc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":105,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马克笔技法","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88c2d576edfa4125abee64ff1a88cbfd","width":171},"text":"","id":"JciUdWoOQo6Kuox4YBBc8On4ngd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图基本规律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E2aadego4oY0wUx6afwcHEB5nWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图就是搭建画面的骨架关系，是将众多的视觉元素进行有机的安排、组合。以达到视觉上的审美要求。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LUmgdGaigo4EOAx8L99cTz65ntd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"构图是手绘画面中十分重要的的基础环节，在深入刻画之前，应该选择合适的视角，恰当、协调的安排布置各个对象在画画中的面积、位置、比例等关系以及体块之间的各种关系。理想的构图需要做到平衡中求变化、变化中求统一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ky8OdsA06omqYKxKSpzcVhW8nkh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":755,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"构图基本规律","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6d6972c72ef14e058f4ee364ac939f89","width":787},"text":"","id":"OwaMdso0AoyqQoxMnNpcNyghnqh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AGOadAooOo4o2MxwHDBcwnSgnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"有光就有明暗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I8sedmy4soq8Smxa2dKcgZnrnrg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通常光照射物体，会产生受光面、背光面、反光面，我们把看到这整体场景关系称作明暗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AwsEdOMmsoOkksxKYAOcUXkInzb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"明暗","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8b13c63dc7a442a889bf8e3258d357f2","width":846},"text":"","id":"UkiUdWIAuoiSaOxIZixcxsosnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在绘画时要注意整幅画的明暗关系，打好明暗交界线之后，用较浅的色调画大体的明暗，要借助大体的明暗呈现来调整轮廓和形体的关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NgkodCUySo02gWxwh6fcLQgWnHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"光线直线前进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TeyMdmSI4oMm2Gx6St2cPuFUnfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放射线状的太阳光源和照亮一点的手电光源都是笔直地前进的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Vu2idcgUCosousx0sKXcVNCNnWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何物体离光源越远，光的影响越弱，颜色越暗色，这种性质无论在空气中、水中、玻璃中等地方都不会改变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AE6adwIq8o4u6IxAFjGcnhqLnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":285,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"光线直线前进","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e347a78668784a209a0c6ee024c7a4a9","width":789},"text":"","id":"UegGdUUSUoEqGexYtE0coaNUnMc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"光会反射","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DKgQd0kWioiaWoxvXlPcIL0Ynju"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①反射光","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZiG8dEkC2oyegWxYx9Bckz9Xnjh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":602,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"光会反射","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4c7fa841667845f48e4af01e9fd15546","width":1274},"text":"","id":"BAsKd2usIoUyiWxg1ZGcTBMFnAd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"每个物体的光反射率不同，物体的质感表现也会发生变化，反射率越低颜色越发黑，反射率越高颜色越高光。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AcWEdYeGyooiKmxamCyczfFjnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②反射光","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xk8mdUEIwoAoEQxS24zc24gjnif"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"因为光线会反射，所以物体的橙色会在地板上变成淡蓝色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IoYCd2i2EoAg2ox8FKRclKcZn6c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":612,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"光会反射","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ba1a0cf03ca946439297a6c71b6f5a57","width":804},"text":"","id":"IaCOdIaocooEsmxQfy5cVBt2nAc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RomIdiu2GoyGskxWCX3cmpp9nmc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"球形的画法：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BGIudwEkIoyWAAxIxhGcyvQPnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、通过正方形来切出圆的基本型，表现出明暗交界线和投影形状。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Cq6EdgG6SosA2YxMBIEcZGHWnSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":463,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/720635d863fd41b7b57b494e98804ecc","width":796},"text":"","id":"U4E8dQGm8oas2exYzdJcrclCnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、铺出暗部、投影和亮部背景，注意画明暗交界线时是用短直线相衔接来表现这一弧形的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ba0AdEC88oAyuUxI3v0cb0Den2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":462,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a87e066ea6e0401fab1000405663a5aa","width":794},"text":"","id":"QUEAdMYKSoW8eQxe8AicIph0nwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、用浅色调将暗部统一为一体，然后从明暗交界线逐步加强，使之在统一中寻找变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sya8dqgGwoSSwaxKez0cM4KWn69"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":457,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a653d4fb753d4c9f85cba2b0f642acca","width":790},"text":"","id":"Yw8kdomKGoAgWWxMJsmczERNnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在调整过程中要针对影响整体效果的地方进行修改，使画面节奏关系和谐统一。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RwA2doC6uoSUy2xoBiVcQxEsnbh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":463,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"举例","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/aa893ff7ebc74d17a92d8c8ad1de4240","width":795},"text":"","id":"MEYwdMGGYoIg60xIrsnc8U5Ynjh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiagdImA2oUiqyx0MJWclLgknkk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩基本概念：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8mudiyS0oUuGOx0qB3cFpLvnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、色相：表示色的特质，例如红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫等，表示色彩相貌的差异。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RKWwduOeMoK2w0xqwvzcZs0lnqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、明度：表示色彩的强度，即亮度和深浅程度，白色物体反射率最高，所以明度就最高，黑色物体则反之。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JwKYdcSmUoc0K0xa4THcWPZ1ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、纯度：即是色的饱和度。在色彩不断混入白色，那么该色相的明度就会越来越高，而纯度越来越低；如果色彩不断混入黑色，它的纯度和明度都会同时下降。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LcO2diAyioyMEIx6cAecB24Rn8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冷色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DG8idcue6oIsuqxIP2Kc0gvPnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"青、蓝、紫色以及由它们构成的色调，具有寒冷、理智、平静等感觉，我们称为冷色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UOGadm6oeoQOMwx8ZeMcRo3xnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd239eac2dc642f8882a8f2d3babeca4","width":626},"text":"","id":"PUkKdKgGkoq600xEv4DcL7xYnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HeyAd8qCkoC26Mx8cNecagbqn95"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"桔、黄、红色以及由它们构成的色调，会产生温暖、热情、激动、危险等感觉，我们称为暖色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SSGodI0eGoSukWxNbDqcYwK0nE7"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":376,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/81f2fdbc046a4e518b73c41117b73972","width":623},"text":"","id":"Zw0Gdy6yIomeYIxgnjccdaX5nYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"充分利用这些特性可以在一定程度上改变空间尺度、比例、分隔、渗透空间，改善空间效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Smk4dUoQGosE2axq0yncEiK1nLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"而这些色彩的作用可以总结为：膨胀色和收缩色，前进色和后退色，上升色与下坠色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REGgdoUYio2QaqxyaUbcGEOmnJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有膨胀感，冷色具有收缩感：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6G6dw0Sio8o0mxkvWScQnbsnyf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":251,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/29932228a33147faaa48b8e525859e1e","width":474},"text":"","id":"NOS0doaSYoc80UxqEFrcV8VonQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"小户型房屋设计的时候，家具选择收缩色，可以让家具显得更加小巧；而增加房间里膨胀色的比例则会让房间感觉更大，比如将白色、米色、原木色或者淡黄色一类柔和的浅色运用在墙面、地面及大件家具上。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HAwEd40i0ouUSExozh3cxYhznYc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9929650c8e5c4542b783dec2c1b99e47","width":720},"text":"","id":"TYeEdYkUSoeIQoxbjUUcNHPVnnT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暖色具有前进感，冷色具有后退感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SmIUdgKaOo8U2exAFzucizssn1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f2dd205d2ce4e23a875b562e4487b4c","width":720},"text":"","id":"OG6EdQGQeo4oKAx0ml7cmcZQnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间过高、走廊过长时，可用前进色，减弱空旷感；小户型选择高光度地板配合后退色墙面，可以改善空间狭小感受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PqucdsSC2oMWu8xk5yrclAhPn2b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":532,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ed2cdc8deab84a1bbce77f7bfbe004b7","width":720},"text":"","id":"UQ2gdekw4osY2ex4RxAcrG9WnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 浅色有上升感，深色有下坠感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EkkUdoU4Kos24kxIgK6cfsQOn8B"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":347,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b0c10703afa4192a2d6aafc30d96aa5","width":720},"text":"","id":"E684ds4Cmos2AuxCaF3cH9qQndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用色彩的上升感和下坠感，把颜色重心放在地面，通过空间上的反差，可以让整体更加简约清新。面积小，层高低的户型运用这种装修风格，会让空间显得更大更敞亮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fq0QdqyyKo8uSGxqgffcwOjWnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9b685c6a91e14064997bca5f9810e00e","width":720},"text":"","id":"QESOd4CImo86YgxEXSXc65DanHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们一般把室内的色彩分为以下几类:","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QcS8dS0o8oucG0xwTu4cJHJynkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景色：面积最大的部分的颜色，即墙面、地面、顶面的颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsW6d8oeSoMaOgx85Ftc7KASnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主色：空间内的主体的颜色，比如大件家具，客厅的沙发、餐厅的餐桌、卧室的床品颜色；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyGYd4uoSoGI02xW2uZc86qxnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"配色：一般是面积比主体小一点的物件的颜色，比如单人沙发、茶几、边几、餐椅、床头柜等色彩；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GWekdE4W6oogiwxOQDecCmoUnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点缀色：体积最小，一般是靠枕、花瓶、绿植、摆设等颜色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XAUQdGIiiogywmx88VncJE1Rnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"搭配时可以采用主色彩占60%，次要色彩占30%，辅助色彩占10%这样一个搭配比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUEQdQ6ieoIcaYxoxQUcM4kVnac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03ab520fe17d4b8eb5d2dccaef674157","width":720},"text":"","id":"WMKEdSgYEogsMex0yNocXuUMnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EqEOd6aYqoIeGix8H5Mcp9wAnQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"同一空间配色不得超过三种，其中白色、黑色不算色彩比例。也就是说，如果墙面是白色，那么大件家具如沙发、窗帘的色彩比例可以是60%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ig4od0a2Mo6MU2xuSXWc42xKnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进行色彩搭配时，我们需要用到色环，可以从邻近色、互补色、同类色、对比色来选出次要色彩和辅助色彩。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MqcadgIkSoKukKxOGWNcChwVntf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NuOidyqomoeWu8xY1incSbinn9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":528,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0a2e4ed8908a4d9e8a0c97767df15ba2","width":720},"text":"","id":"SmKgdc0aQoKSqwxUtl3cHzx8nVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H4WgdmWAwosOQkxMvTacDVr5nKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、单色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwSCdW02coOcSux2H18cESZanXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以一个色相作为整个室内色彩的主调，可以取得宁静、安祥的效果，在进行单色调搭配时，要注意通过明度和亮度的变化，加强对比，也可适当加入黑白无彩色作为必要的调剂，让空间更加和谐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YIYwdoS64okA06xcFrPcikM5nRh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":421,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dafd3fc1bdf545f3b33e0669675ec730","width":720},"text":"","id":"WKyGda6aqogeUUxotMtc1AT2nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、相似色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKmed28GGo04mqxCUyWc93A1ncg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相似色调搭配是通过同类色和邻近色，在色环上选出二三种互相接近的颜色，如黄，橙、橙红，蓝，蓝紫、紫等，呈现比较柔和的质感，并调动明度纯度的比例对比，来达到高级质感配色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQ6Gdiowwoaicmx8udZcsVOQnfc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a571f941d974bcdad6b9423305f28ae","width":720},"text":"","id":"CqsOd6Oi6oeKOkxOooscPdTBnUb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、互补色调搭配","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSo0dWgu8oo04OxCaokc4a31ndq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"互补色调也可以叫作对比色调，通过色环上的两个互补色，如青与橙、红与绿、黄与紫，进行配色。在搭配时要避免1:1等比配色，并通过降低明度和亮度柔和色彩过强的对比效果，使其变“灰”而获得平静高级的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6wdicM0oAKgqxmEMWcylUknsf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8223bca56415445db2bb07ff19141555","width":720},"text":"","id":"MeKodUYOwoOUsWxcF3pc7AJgnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、无彩色调搭配 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IwiMd6Ie6oMi42xIfG9cZZflnog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全屋使用由黑、灰、白色组成的无彩系搭配，是一种非常高级的色彩搭配形式，非常平静素雅。在室内设计中，粉白色、米色、灰白色以及每种高明度色相，也可以认为是无彩色。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K82md0M4KoOCKQxqgJwc7FIKneh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"色彩运用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9db4f5225c964cf4961187d984e566d9","width":720},"text":"","id":"BiMwdQiIAo48kkxs9CGcEO2gnPe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"CAD基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QA8wdUIGAo8gCoxiYPxc1nutnbE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习ＣＡＤ要先学习工具，只有把工具学会了，在做室内设计的时候才可以灵活画出图纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoeMdYuCiomiWgx0yHjcKljanPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面我先简单介绍下工具使用的方法，如果想要更详细的课程可以看下视频课程。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWeadsIcaoSCIix0S5PcFJu5nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD教程之基本工具的使用：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/av843683899/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L2EadGkCyoqG0kxwxSFcG0L1nAg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsiEdK4Kuom8IIxCwW0cOhKQnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AutoCAD软件具有操作简单、功能强大等特点，它已被广泛应用于设计领域，学习AutoCAD也是学习室内设计最基础的步骤。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K800doQyCoqQkmxCg6Ucq6Osnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学CAD需要了解操作界面的布局，只有了解软件的界面布局，才能方便地与他人交流，才可以领会各种教程和技巧，在操作时迅速地找到目标功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4KmdEw0AoQOIsxIVrBckDdhnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不同版本的CAD界面基本类似，在低版本的AUTOCAD 2007中，使用的是传统的菜单、工具栏界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zy6MdqSGOoAy2exKKQMcLTTIncp"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/026cc2fa251b461b8fecb0023aeef9c1","width":947},"text":"","id":"YukKdgEsgo0gEOxiKsAc8Hr1n2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"后期版本，CAD中改成了跟OFFICE软件新版一样的RIBBON功能面板界面，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EakAdy6y6oSWeGxmavEcipADnHf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":694,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具的使用","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7dd680011db34a859553d7d1b12355f6","width":1319},"text":"","id":"YeUcdEkOMoaWuuxW6VWcV9s7nSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其实两种界面并没有太大的差别，命令面板只是用图标按钮替换了旧版的菜单项。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUwSdkUscoagI4xYvOjcEhkVnnh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JaGUdq0m6oyoCmxmmtPclPZdnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具栏放置了一些最基础、也是频率比较高的功能，如打开、保存、打印等，方便用户随时快速调用这些功能，可以根据需要自定义快速访问工具栏，将自己最常用的功能添加到工具栏中。点后面的下拉箭头，可以显示一个菜单，可以在顶部勾选要显示在快速访问工具栏中的命令，也可以点“更多命令....”添加其他命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WAMQdoo2YooWiWxK8TKcyLCanKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":551,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"访问工具栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69e1c56446154d799eaca6466223b9f3","width":445},"text":"","id":"IMsmdeSagouQWCxYtTwck71Bn9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区选项卡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma20dC048oe22UxIJdmcDjIEnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置各种工具图标，用于调用CAD的绘图、编辑、管理等各种功能，根据功能使用频率和作用分类组成了默认、插入、注释、管理等一系列选型卡，每个选项卡由一系列功能面板组成。单击标签可以切换到不同的选项卡，对于初学者来说，“默认”选项卡下的功能基本就够用了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hs4mdCOKwoc0GwxsLSycZIi1nhd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TASGdeqAGoCI20xgxVDclME4ntc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选项卡由一系列功能面板组合而成，例如默认选项卡会包括绘图、修改、图层、注释、块、特性等一系列命令面板组成，每个面板则由功能图标组成，图标有大有小，一些重要或常用功能被设置成大图标，其他图标设置成小图标。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcqOdcGwGoCmQAxIXghcxRvVnQe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"文件标签栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q2iWdIUecouMMYxMRuicaJ2lnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示文件的名称，当打开多个图纸文件时，可以通过单击文件标签栏的名字切换图纸，也可以通过在标签上右键，保存、关闭图纸。浩辰CAD2008版就有这个功能了，AutoCAD 2014上版本才有这个功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyIud42CeooCUGxOQHvcAMoXnde"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形窗口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BiYAdsC6qoCq4CxCuVuc0A9LnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"创建、显示和编辑图形的区域，说简单点就是我们画图的地方。CAD的图形窗口提供了一个虚拟的三维空间，理论上无限大，也可以无限小，我们可以在这个空间绘制平面图形或创建三维模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fio4dA26Yoq2Gexya8NcD32wn2f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KaqkdI0esoqQeUxgFaHcnhexn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行窗口的一部分，用于显示命令执行的历史，初学者可以通过拖动上边界增加显示的行数，注意观察命令的提示和执行过程，有助于我们更快地掌握CAD命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VI6KdqKQYoe8oExwlC4c8o64nKh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":221,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f6881644484948e4acacb752ebfd5f51","width":696},"text":"","id":"RikKdaiksoKeuwxygNicQ1U6nDd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OymEdWyqWokgwsxWWmDcVJMjnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跟WORD、PS等常用软件不同，CAD软件可以通过输入命令名或简化命令（命令别名）来执行所有命令，命令还有参数和提示来引导我们完成后面的操作。刚开始我们可能不记得命令，会在功能区中点图标来执行命令，此时也要注意看命令行的提示，它可以引导我们完成命令，并且可以更清楚了解命令的参数和变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JCwsdA4yso228gxAZXhc8dMvnfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在CAD高版本还增加了“自动完成”的功能，当我们输入字母的时候会显示相关的命令，如果我们不记得完整命令名的时候通过输入一两个字母就可以找到我们需要的命令，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYmEdIKkqo4sckxQvelcRiaSnfe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":219,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令行","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a80d6a4ecc4c4efc9c426c970ba0aabf","width":342},"text":"","id":"XQcyd0UikoskYOxMrQ1cNXmFn9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4ysdakoioUQeux2NADcyBcNnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令历史和命令行是一个整体，叫命令行窗口，通常固定到底部，也可以拖动成浮动状态或放到顶部，也可以关闭，用CTRL+9可以打开和关闭命令行。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUyAdk2SMocMesx6ZbQcYMcYnTb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"模型布局标签","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JsK2duQ08oesGoxgr7XcsqFDnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD分模型空间和布局空间，通常模型空间用来画图，布局空间用来排图打印。布局涉及的概念比较多，初学者可以暂时不用管，后面还会详细介绍。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Ckd2aEEo2w26xQ2CEcg1q1nI6"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S62GdM6qooeYUMxaomScGcQRnOb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏可以显示当前光标的坐标，然后还有一些常用的绘图辅助工具，例如捕捉、极轴、栅格等，通过状态栏可以快速开关这些工具，此外，还有一些功能性按钮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQc2dKSuCoiKkgxS091cVlftnnd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"低版本状态栏按钮比较少，可以切换成文字显示，高版本状态栏图标太多，很多功能我们平时可能用不上，可以自己关掉一些，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcIsdgCgioCUCgxnBVMcMYrCnyj"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":823,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3009299108a34086a01c40409b179a0c","width":189},"text":"","id":"HuEMd8ccyoUiK2xaE2ucieJ4nsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiQmdi6iIoYmICxYpjFczaV5nVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V8QYdCCu2okOMUxmoGjcd9bnnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD还有一些重要的界面控件，例如特性面板、图层特性等等，有些我们后面会专门介绍，这里首先要说一下特性面板。用特性面板可以查看和编辑图形的一些参数和特性，对于大家链接图形很有帮助。特性面板可以根据需要打开关闭，快捷键是CTRL+1，有时双击一些图形也会打开特性面板，如下图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LC0ydW6mIoA6iyxkPrAcsYewnEP"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":613,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"特性面板（属性框）","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b712104fc88e4c09a93c1651fbe87da4","width":726},"text":"","id":"HAwSdgc8EoCmgQxYHEcc203Lnod"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以看到一个圆除了几何图形的参数，如圆心坐标、半径、周长、面积扥高以外，上面还有一些常规特性，如颜色、图层、线型、线宽等常规特性，这些特性都是CAD赋予图形的一些特性，这些特性可以方便我们更好地管理和打印图形，这些常规特性的作用是学习CAD必须要掌握的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Womwd8kYmoO006xUfyXcYFTbnZb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"CAD常用功能","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcI4d0aYIoaowyxMjiXc6oYnnFr"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"常用CTRL，ALT快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LoiWdGwEEoAsCwxmQmucurWFnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+TK 如快速选择","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUAOd840goIwIQxItLvcTgaCnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+NL 线性标注 ALT+VV4 快速创建四个视口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AU86dgEcqoAO8MxMFejcmk6inMd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ALT+MUP提取轮廓","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JIModUk6ao2Gg8xfBQfcG3mWncU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+B: 栅格捕捉模式控制(F9)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8O8dgAWgok4iwxa4XhcdheNnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+C: 将选择的对象复制到剪切板上","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgkcdigcWoOiCAxKq5DcjhsHnmg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+F: 控制是否实现对象自动捕捉(F3)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6SidYuksoQMggxucXOcFZ5jnyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+G: 栅格显示模式控制(F7)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6QGdy600owcOGxWcNHchjxznWY"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+J: 重复执行上一步命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOoAdAWGGoKoUaxoFc9cjw4zneh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+K: 超级链接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8YqdAAY0oqa8sxQfS4c0r5JnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+N: 新建图形文件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Zmm4d2cSYoa4c2xai9Tcw1rUnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+M: 打开选项对话框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcIgdOUiIo6Mugx1LiDciRv4nqO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+O：打开图象文件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOsQdSQUWoW8cWxoj9XcNsN7nJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+P：打开打印对话框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DEsgdQgsOocGusxIru2cRb9Tnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+S：保存文件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gm8CdQkgmosYIaxsDQicOC0xnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+U：极轴模式控制(F10)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DEeSd6S2co4aSyxyumecn4TlnZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+v：粘贴剪贴板上的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"I6Q2dOOWOo06oQx2mU6cj3Oxnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+W：对象追 踪式控制(F11)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NomIdeAWwoYuOGxERuDcMONgnsf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+X：剪切所选择的内容","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OA4mdUeUOoYiO6xAtbjcFPIOn8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+Y：重做","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TUKEd28K2ouQqAxO20ecu0iLnzc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+Z：取消前一步的操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DE6YdSusooOGqKxfPeMcCUq4nNB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+1：打开特性对话框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWc6dykw6oiK0Ax9us2cKlcunz6"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+2：打开图象资源管理器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H46Wdugm8oA40axeihGcFQPMnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+3：打开工具选项板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6GKdC0wCoEmAmxKE66cMfYgnVf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+6：打开图象数据原子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIKsdKY8uo24YYxg3OIcDwjTnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Ctrl+8或QC：快速计算器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ces2dUGwOoeGSux8pcHcRisjnOf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"尺寸标注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NI8qd6iUIoc2WOxJx6DcaJt6nB8"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DRA：半径标注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fg4idOeo2o8umOx92F3c2YwznMZ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DDI：直径标注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JiQodeGAmowGMOxwjBAcp6CCnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DAL：对齐标注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIaud0kSsoYiqYxeFBvcpmKIngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DAN：角度标注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HcmmdcsquoSYKsxIdvjcuQVtnhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"END：捕捉到端点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gey4dkoiUoww8cxGUpic2MVtnTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"MID：捕捉到中点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VCOudGgM0oGoqsxyaIlciXc8nme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"INT：捕捉到交点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EAw4dMqaIoIC68x2h8Nc2xHnnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"CEN：捕捉到圆心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwKIdyEKUogsoExu6y8cZDj2nOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"QUA：捕捉到象限点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSIedYyiKoocawxAXc0chvzqn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"TAN：捕捉到切点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WI2Qd2CygoqAIIxuCllcILmUnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"PER：捕捉到垂足","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqGydiWyio8eQYx4UN0cwCrJnwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NOD：捕捉到节点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LM4Idku6KoO8OsxWq89cV59wn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NEA：捕捉到最近点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQmAdAUo0o6EqyxSaVPcbbeanfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AA：测量区域和周长(area)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgW4duOU4omCmoxIB1octPdankh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ID：指定坐标","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ToqWdEIaIoyeC6x0elDcBTPanjg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"LI：指定集体(个体)的坐标","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ey4Ed2ue8oCOEqxUXrtc7P7Cnzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AL：对齐(align)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Oa0EdOCsqoMoEaxMtUhcUFJmnrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AR： 阵列(array)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZUIUdaGkOoK6KIxGoLFclXMKnZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AP：加载*lsp","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"程系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OGG4d2m8EoSoEcxS8h8chGXBnCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"AV：打开视图对话框(dsviewer)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XY2adOIGAookuCxcXGacZg63n7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SE：打开对象自动捕捉对话框","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LI4OdKs62oCW2KxCSp8crP3Zncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ST：打开字体设置对话框(style)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GKEud4wiWoK4UoxMPhjcOI9Gn6L"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SO：绘制二围面( 2d solid)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RAM0dyq8Ko2Go0xY7Nqc6tSBnff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SP：拼音的校核(spell)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAgkdeM6qoMOM2xsXuFcFGdpnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SC：缩放比例 (scale)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MygEdq6wcoy6soxQzoOcv1oTnug"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SN：栅格捕捉模式设置(snap)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0wEd4W46oQcA6x8jHYcMGdzn6d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DT：文本的设置(dtext)","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MoGSdSGSOoSqGkxCyXKc3BgPnph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"DI：测量两点间的距离","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FOWGdmmIeomw46xwWCtczFHznkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"OI：插入外部对象","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AeAOdCoKIosEyOxWcKFcvEmankb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"LE：引线标注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACQadoQOGomMSGxQNfic4Drzn4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"ST：单行文本输入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hogcdu4Yco4Q8axcvYkcXRPJnoe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"La：图层管理器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fc8Id6e4IoY8sSxADW1c6SSVnze"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘图命令","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CEsQd04SKo6e6gxop29cOs2EnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A：绘圆弧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2WmdkQ4mokqsmxGAX9c02K9nwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B：定义块","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PYcwdu0Ico2og6xkhOycgUW3nxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C：画圆","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AIqQdiCkuow2MYxWuAacV5O4nAg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D：尺寸资源管理器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZUKEdGMEAoOKWoxkjgycZPTynQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"E：删除","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Be48dKKyioeq2ix8liEcNuhqnle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"F：倒圆角","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EwiKdI0sYoaoG2xqUYmcYsm8n7E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"G：对象组合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LY0udYkWio44AAxIlbQclgxvnBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"H：填充","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TwcgdGyM8oSi0mxerLYcUPV1nCc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"I：插入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HASqdiki2oU620x4CRocmN5vnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"J：对接","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2yad66Oao84UOxWaL4cjIRmnWv"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"S：拉伸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WYCEd6Uoyo0u2Cxi1vScGWpXndW"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"T：多行文本输入","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VW8SdE4QCoKQi0xuoCHcYzUUnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"W：定义块并保存到硬盘中","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ygu2d6UEeoe4CqxUZoKcJyjwnzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"L：直线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YsUedyOqgoY6EaxU5VDcVatFnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"M：移动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GoSadK8Aaom0s6xcfc4cyAsJn6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"X：炸开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMeodQKMMo0kucxArYUcPGM3nNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"V：设置当前坐标","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X64ydsaEAoouWQxkzAFcxIGqn1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"U：恢复上一次操作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WGYkdQSS4oEYeQxu8hrc6Vn7n1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"O：偏移","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MEQad0gsKoo6KqxW2DEc6zVUnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"P：移动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOuGd6mgsoAmcCx8QmPcuE6fnsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Z：缩放","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EWCudEImUosiKsxgb5QcPwGXnac"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QqkMdkqOio82WmxoBuMclFFfntd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、作图步骤：设置图幅→设置单位及精度→建立若干图层→设置对象样式→开始绘图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YQi4dI46ooWGuWxMZGlc3OIBnxe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、绘图始终使用1：1比例。为改变图样的大小，可以在打印时于图纸空间内设置不同的打印比例。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8UId8Icko4uKyxK2mfctXvynPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、为不同类型的图元对象设置不同的图层、颜色及线宽，而图元对的颜色、线型及线宽都应由图层控制(LAYER)。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TCc2duwU2oIasGx299Gc4D7Nnwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、需精确绘图时，可使用栅格捕捉功能，并将栅格捕捉间距设为适当的数值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwK4dmIouo6AmOxoTvHcbePfnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、不要将图框和图形绘在同一幅图中，应在布局(LAYOUT)中将图框按块插入，然后打印出图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NCOIduIKCogw4OxMFi4cTSLAnPe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、对于有名对象，如视图、图层、图块、线型、文字样式、打印样式等，命名时不仅要简明，而且要遵循一定的规律，以便于查找和使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCKkdEiW6oaeM4xVRH6cPQPhnEr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、将一些常用设置，如图层、标注样式、文字样式、栅格捕捉等内容设置在一图形模板文件中(即另存为*.DWF)，以后绘制新图时，可以创建新图形向导中单击“使用模板”来打开它，并开始绘图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6q8di4uSoqA0kxICf7c65Nrn04"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是一些实战练习的图纸案例，大家可以看看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4cWdOeYYooICUxFYHFcrI8vnpo"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e574b8ccdf5548f5b00393a9842547fd","width":1135},"text":"","id":"LsOMd6UgQoMoagxCa6Kcgfxgnyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":564,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/828502bcea32487d8a3c612b8a908e86","width":982},"text":"","id":"BKyad04aMoaCSKxCzH1c0V0DndF"}],"text":"","id":"BaaAdW2mIoY8yIx8HHUcenS5nWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaaAdW2mIoY8yIx8HHUcenS5nWc"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":735,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4cc7ef929d6f4b5680ec26c8aece8a66","width":1181},"text":"","id":"SoE0dkMyGo4YI6xo3QVcjFMYnFg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e89d7fc822e420aa4b95052d24cfeda","width":1134},"text":"","id":"X6kwdiemIo4aQKxg7r8ck6k9nub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0e89d7fc822e420aa4b95052d24cfeda","width":1134},"text":"","id":"X6kwdiemIo4aQKxg7r8ck6k9nub"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":721,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/36095461b46a4e4c80287e08a3a39698","width":899},"text":"","id":"H0c6dOoeGom6I6xYzIzcyShOngf"}],"text":"","id":"AImmdoiyyoa8UKxIDercEwgWnag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AImmdoiyyoa8UKxIDercEwgWnag"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":736,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"提高效率技巧","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/86caa7d98bd14c629ece7bfa702f73a2","width":1074},"text":"","id":"HsGKdiwMKoOawyxgzPFcT8Myn4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0eUduSmIougGYxMvj7cbdCmnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax是一款专业的三维建模工具，它功能繁多，所有操作都可以在界面中找到。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AYkkdy6MOoKE0QxyExpcflernKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开3dmax后，我们可以看到它的界面主要包括【菜单栏】、【主工具栏】、【功能区】、【视口】、【状态栏控件】、【动画控件】、【命令面板】、【时间尺】、【视口导航】、【场景资源管理器】10大部分，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WyCGdeS4ooQWkaxIHescsGHonge"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":444,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ca439185a5bc406b81ca9623ba0c5b0f","width":946},"text":"","id":"RK8Qd2IAWoyWI0xK2Secz0qTnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"各部分介绍如下","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H60Ydkwamo0YeGxIF5DcpqQGnrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①菜单栏：很多功能都在菜单栏中，可以执行相应的操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CsoMdWECSogg2WxG4Wdcq2C9nbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②主工具栏：提供3dmax中许多最常用的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LKIudC4ksoocAWxSAsXc492Bnyd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③功能区：包含一组工具，可用于建模、绘制到场景中以及添加人物。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FemmdmaI2oA2wux8DvucDsOun5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④视口：可从多个角度显示场景，并预览照明、阴影、景深和其他效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ui6AdmmWooUwy6xwCYVcDayanUH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑤状态栏控件：显示场景和活动命令的提示和状态信息。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoWidKW42omG4Gxewijca5WCnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑥动画控件：可以创建动画，并在视口内播放动画。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWUOdM46ioQUA6xkn8AcdmpAn1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑦命令面板：可以访问提供创建和修改几何体、添加灯光、控制动画等功能的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUMUd4sY0o4SCSxGqGVcPilVnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑧时间尺：可拖动时间尺，查看动画效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NMqgd6iymoqsG4xsvGbccj27nsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑨视口导航：使用这些按钮可以在活动视口中导航场景。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RSiIdA8OAoSy02xwdp4cZSQbnMc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑩场景资源管理器：可以在该管理器中对不同的对象进行管理。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0I0dYmCaoccQExsn0ncPC58nIh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWMkdW2yoo6aS6xg9aEcA8dBnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏位于窗口的最上方，每个菜单的标题表明该菜单上命令的用途。菜单栏中主要包含14个菜单项，分别为【文件】、【编辑】、【工具】、【组】、【视图】、【创建】、【修改器】、【动画】、【图形编辑器】、【渲染】、【Civil View】、【自定义】、【脚本】、【帮助】，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ci6cdGYguoUkyQx4cRxcBV9EnBe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":89,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0d8f4aeebd744db1bb7b25af71b95449","width":858},"text":"","id":"FCeOd8MmIoMmkixyqYtcEYjhnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、【文件】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HS4sdsKWioC4uoxIBBUc4I6Nnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【文件】菜单中，会出现很多操作文件的命令，包括【新建】、【重置】、【打开】、【保存】、【另存为】、【导入】、【导出】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VceOdUYMoom0G8x89D3cQ8LCn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、【编辑】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YASgdWsWgouOGixsxt2cgfyXnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【编辑】菜单中可以对文件进行编辑操作，如【撤销】、【重做】、【暂存】、【取回】、【删除】、【克隆】、【移动】、【旋转】、【缩放】等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U8kKdEGkAoWiWCxIN57cRqehnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、【工具】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UUIadco4koE0WYxKYedcaQTZnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【工具】菜单可以对对象进行常用操作，如【镜像】、【阵列】、【对齐】等，更方便的方式是在主工具栏中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RCsSdgmW8o0MWyx2XtccITBwnIh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":783,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/58b10ff0da754ec4b59675e353493dde","width":1075},"text":"","id":"KiuEdycE0o00yGx257QcTHD7nFf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、【组】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6a4dsqyyokgiQxINTBc0WsLnEg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【组】菜单中的命令可将多个物体组在一起，还可以解组、打开组等操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VigEdIA6QoaAKcx4B7EcsWmnn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、【视图】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XE2SdQOwWokQWkxWiotcaPqSnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【视图】菜单中的命令用来控制视图的显示方式以及视图的相关参数设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIqYdqOaGoiO2OxgpApcyukPnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、【创建】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z4MEdMKQQo0Oc6x2vrac1Bnkn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【创建】菜单中可以创建模型、灯光、粒子等对象，更方便的方式是在【创建面板】中创建。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P4Ucdee4mouKsaxUrJ5c3UjxnIc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":817,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8e35f17a689c495d954e8f648610d83d","width":997},"text":"","id":"IgyGdwIm6oUQ4Gx026scpWSnnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、【修改器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XEuedOU8io6sWAxqUzXcU2y5nah"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【修改器】菜单中可为对象添加修改器，更方便的方式是在【修改面板】中添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VS0SdQAogoAOYQxmKVWc3YSrnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、【动画】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8UAdIukeoCoamxiGWQchx6RnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【动画】菜单主要用来制作动画，包括正向动力学、反向动力学、骨骼的创建和修改等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0iodg6SCoMecKxEhdzcyk4anBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、【图形编辑器】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xc2OdGkwCoMwKSxe2iwcjyHLnQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图形编辑器】菜单是3dmax中以图形可视化功能的集合，包括【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】、【轨迹视图-摄影表】、【新建图解视图】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAuAdk862oGYOAxyMfucvBQFnTh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":887,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8ada83e3040d4345a9c1691676fb7fe3","width":1363},"text":"","id":"C2kWdWK2UoS6WuxgH7rcAUMnnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、【渲染】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DQumdm4cso2wEyxQRapcx27gnTl"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【渲染】菜单中可以使用与渲染相关的功能，如【渲染】【渲染设置】【环境】等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WWoAdUeKaoqKqcxo5DMcmgKPnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、【Civil View】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TKsgdi4IAoQ6e0xMH3oc9MHfnXf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【Civil View】菜单是一款供土木工程师和交通运输基础设施规划人员使用的可视化工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZAoGdg488oyQEoxhaaYct89rnLq"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、【自定义】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BwaYd280YooUq0xYbe4cWn3TnOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【自定义】菜单用来更改用户界面或系统设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QCqedCescoWWGExIxT9cntQXnse"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":730,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fb8ab8300e9645309ef165fcacc5f583","width":1101},"text":"","id":"P2CSdUaMUoicySxMfjpcrCJ3nEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"13、【脚本】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X6gsd00iGo0EwWx4NDGcY55wnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【脚本】菜单中可以进行语言设计，包括新建脚本、打开脚本、运行脚本等命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R4MadgMY2o6YO8xYRt1cGb7ynne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"14、【帮助】菜单","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HsU2dSUOwog0GoxCuPocOyZ3npb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在【帮助】菜单中可以学习3dmax的帮助文件、了解新版本功能、搜索3dmax命令等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ES2Edya0mo2su8xTvThcCwiZnqe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"菜单栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb32dd92ce7e4b1a8725e99a3cfb3634","width":1008},"text":"","id":"BW0sduomAoo42Sxq4mJc0L2sn4d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q06GdymU2o6uEGx6XejczpuHncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏中包括了很多3dmax中用于执行常见任务的工具和对话框，主工具栏位于主窗口的菜单栏下面，这些工具按钮按照具体功能，大致可以划分为11大类。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QSMad8cuGo62KWxmgMEcTPbAnId"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、撤销和重做工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZckcdosoCoeq8sxs9g2cnBIGnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在3dmax中操作失误时，可以单击撤消向前返回上一步操作（快捷键为Ctrl+Z），也可单击重做向后返回一步。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UYa8dG0UsoCm2Uxw3Abcdgq2nyp"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、链接绑定类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FcGwdowSsowyycx4jxScSi3dn35"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"链接绑定类工具包括3个，分别为【选择并链接】工具、【断开当前选择链接】工具、【绑定到空间扭曲】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ma2WdoGCmo0SimxeeV0c1X2inje"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并链接】工具用于链接对象和对象之间的父子关系，链接后的子模型会跟随父模型进行移动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W8c6dgOguomaEQxj2KXca3WLnqr"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【断开当前选择链接】工具与【选择并链接】工具的作用恰好相反，可断开链接好的父子关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NISSduKWwoQMG2xGikrcFXyQngg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【绑定到空间扭曲】工具可以将粒子与空间扭曲之间进行绑定。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BaIOdwoK6okWuQxkN8bcXKZBnFc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、对象选择类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lg0adu0eOoOEmwxoDv2cdWSNn7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象选择类工具可以使用更合适的选择方式选择对象。对象选择类工具包括5个，分别为【过滤器】、【选择对象】工具、【按名称选择】按钮、【选择区域】工具、【窗口/交叉】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQ62doi2moMwYixmC9wcjL8ynQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【过滤器】可以只允许选择一类对象（例如灯光对象），不容易操作出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKYudo4m2oKkagxQVcIc4NPynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择对象】工具主要用于选择一个或多个对象，按住Ctrl键可以进行加选，按住Alt键可以进行减选。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Hkeqdqu6AoumQMxMBE1ch06lnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击【按名称选择】按钮会弹出【从场景选择】对话框，在该对话框中可以按名称选择所需要的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KUGqdKWqSo8ikcxuq7ScKDIbnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择区域工具包含5种模式，分别是【矩形选择区域】工具、【圆形选择区域】工具、【围栏选择区域】工具、【套索选择区域】工具和【绘制选择区域】工具。可以使用不同的选择区域形状进行选择对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8qwdMcO4oiOIgx0uJNcATsbnZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【窗口/交叉】工具用于设置在框选对象时，是以哪种方式选择。其中当【窗口/交叉】工具处于突出状态（即未激活状态）时，只要选择的区域碰到对象，即可被选择。当【窗口/交叉】工具处于凹陷状态（即激活状态）时，选择的区域必须完全覆盖对象，才可被选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOEgdU8K8oqUWYxYtNtcd4hlnFh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、对象操作类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KKIodiC8OoSgcmxY9kxcIQUGnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对象操作类工具可以对对象进行基本操作，如移动、选择、缩放等，是一些非常常用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XKyydA0MeoO2SUxgHjecDrlKnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并旋转】工具可以沿X、Y、Z三个轴向的任意轴向旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yeikdo0uKoMqMAxCcxtcnEllnKb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【选择并缩放】工具包含3种，分别是【选择并均匀缩放】工具、【选择并非均匀缩放】工具和【选择并挤压】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RYoMdGk0uoe0UCx4hhPcVhj4nhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并放置】工具可将一个对象准确地放到另一个对象的表面，例如把凳子放在地上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XSe0dOsEQoaCAixoD6pc6putnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【参考坐标系】可以用来指定变换操作（如移动、旋转、缩放等）所使用的坐标系统，包括视图、屏幕、世界、父对象、局部、万向、栅格、工作区、局部对齐和拾取10种坐标系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZIs2dcGAuoYUmux4nNwc4W4Gn7Q"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【轴点中心】工具包含【使用轴点中心】工具、【使用选择中心】工具和【使用变换坐标中心】工具3种，使用这些工具可以设置模型的轴点中心位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OscWdGk80oGie6xM1Xac2X9Tn1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【选择并操纵】工具可以在视图中通过使用拖曳【操纵器】来编辑修改器、控制器和某些对象的参数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gcs2d2GioogGw2xAncScRfwMn8e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【键盘快捷键覆盖切换】工具可以在只使用“主用户界面”快捷键和同时使用主快捷键和组（如编辑/可编辑网格、轨迹视图、NURBS等）快捷键之间进行切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WQmcd2sEsog0cuxYNebcKnYhnfc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、精准类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H00WdKsU4oIWKsxg1dCcOB6BnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精准类工具可以使模型在创建时更准确，包括捕捉开关、角度捕捉切换、百分比捕捉切换、微调器捕捉切换。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEuudiI8uoAmyWxwpcocxbw4nNh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【捕捉开关】工具包括【2D捕捉】工具、【2.5D捕捉】工具和【3D捕捉】工具3种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M2Cmd6MegoykosxLSBucreSLnEV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【角度捕捉切换】工具可以用来指定捕捉的角度（快捷键为A键）。激活该工具后，角度捕捉将影响所有的旋转变换，在默认状态下以5°为增量进行旋转。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUEqdMO2moki2ixUdiYc7RbFnae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【百分比捕捉切换】工具可以将对象缩放捕捉到自定的百分比（快捷键为Shift+Ctrl+P），在缩放状态下，默认每次的缩放百分比为10%。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DMmmdumskouy8mxuWTlcJcRanSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【微调器捕捉切换】工具可以用来设置微调器单次单击的增加值或减少值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQgid2KYcoo2UkxsYKFcs6ulnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、选择集类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UWOId4COeo224AxKAK0cVHOfn0e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择集类工具包括【管理选择集】工具和【创建选择集】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqwUdWGYuo0IQ4xgtRacv2Zvnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具可以为单个或多个对象进行命名。选中一个对象后，单击【管理选择集】按钮可以打开【命名选择集】对话框，在该对话框中就可以为选择的对象进行命名。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkCqdgQ2eowkumxk12PcPQIpnth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【管理选择集】工具，并单击【创建新集】工具后即可创建新集，此时可以单击该工具选择集，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V0Agd4IICo2SqixAXYBcMUEjnJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镜像对齐类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C4kodGiK2oEymcxfsQZc5ihAnMg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镜像对齐类工具包括【镜像】工具和【对齐】工具，这两个工具是比较常用的，可以准确的复制和对齐模型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UeuKdQGiyoqq6Ux4ukOceMebnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"使用【镜像】工具可以围绕一个轴心镜像出一个或多个副本对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M6U2daAwAoSa08xOEj2cyE3ynIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对齐工具可以使两个对象按照一定的方式对齐位置。鼠标左键长按【对齐】工具，对齐工具包括6种类型，分别是【对齐】工具、【快速对齐】工具、【法线对齐】工具、【放置高光】工具、【对齐摄影机】工具和【对齐到视图】工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmyOdcSmWocSm2xo7FlcSSFJnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【快速对齐】方式可以立即将当前选择对象的位置与目标对象的位置进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sagkd8Sg4o8eMKxY15HcFwfwn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【法线对齐】基于每个对象的面或是以选择的法线方向来对齐两个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0GQdCcuooMmmsxAxBacXKeznzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【放置高光】方式可以将灯光或对象对齐到另一个对象，以便可以精确定位其高光或反射。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FigEdsuEcoAqCMxeifBcS2D0nle"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐摄影机】方式可以将摄影机与选定的面法线进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wc0qdo8sco4Ksmxg0yhc8jFSnKz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【对齐到视图】方式可以将对象或子对象的局部轴与当前视图进行对齐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NaySdOcySowsicxmST7cZbAwnsh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、资源管理器类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yy0WdAmOyoq0uexKA7ZcGUPjn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"资源管理器类工具包括【切换场景资源管理器】工具和【切换层资源管理器】工具，分别可以对场景资源和层资源进行管理操作。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WG26dSyc2oiYQuxsn8tcqaxynDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换场景资源管理器】工具中可以查看、排序、过滤和选择对象，还提供了其他功能，用于重命名、删除、隐藏和冻结对象、创建和修改对象层次以及编辑对象属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VgO6dSq40o6cIYxWcDXck4E9nEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换层资源管理器】工具可用来创建和删除层，也可用来查看和编辑场景中所有层的设置以及与其相关联的对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U02cdogiEoQuMcxwxalcpfyVnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、视图类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fy0wd2kGwoWSUWxlLStcsjajnwt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"切换功能区、曲线编辑器、图解视图这3个工具可以调出3个不同的参数面板。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XIicdYkQQooI0KxuYLccyVYwnWb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【切换功能区】可以切换是否显示【建模】工具，该建模工具是多边形建模方式的一种新型方式。单击主工具栏中的【切换功能区】按钮即可调出【建模】的工具栏，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LSoadk0kYoaYy4xgLXYc95VMnYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":135,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"主工具栏","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05e210c20fdb4536b300a41de1a549f1","width":779},"text":"","id":"Hc2EdmqqOoWsIqxqknTcAPZvnye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【曲线编辑器】按钮可以打开【轨迹视图-曲线编辑器】对话框。【曲线编辑器】是一种【轨迹视图】模式，可以用曲线来表示运动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0KMdKasUoseyixkvRzcErCQn1Z"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【图解视图】是基于节点的场景图，通过它可以访问对象的属性、材质、控制器、修改器、层次和不可见场景关系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4WodSqs8oE6KCxi0YbcVQnTnGc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、材质编辑器工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LsqCdcK0so2AQOxa6SVcvChTnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【材质编辑器】工具可以完成对材质和贴图的设置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O4EGdoMscoYQcgxmaqBc5n80nPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、渲染类工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TsmQdu4uGoG6yAxXo8XcXXqgnDu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染类工具包括3种与渲染相关的工具，分别为渲染设置、渲染帧窗口和渲染产品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LiokdsUggowCIAxWCkycVTianjd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【渲染设置】按钮（快捷键为F10）可以打开【渲染设置】对话框，所有的渲染设置参数基本上都在该对话框中完成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgUOdugESoEQYSxOasZcsd1gnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【渲染帧窗口】按钮可以打开【渲染帧窗口】对话框，在该对话框中可执行选择渲染区域、切换图像通道和存储渲染图像等任务。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E46cd6IWKokQQmxeiFUcY5jtnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【渲染产品】工具、【渲染迭代】工具和ActiveShade工具3种类型。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WUu0dIkkeo8QwOxcbfAcB3Tbnoc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQOadySWqoQegIxM4tIcUR05nIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击主工具栏中的（切换功能区）按钮，即可调出和隐藏功能区。调出的功能区是用于多边形建模的，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQkydSUuIoWa48xCizKc52hUn8d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":128,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"功能区","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/87042656c4eb45a3916f0a8772872d17","width":817},"text":"","id":"QAYOdAasioSOcwx7YTecIefhnG1"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T4y6d0W6Eocss8xwNIqcdf7YnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3dmax界面中最大的区域就是视口，默认情况下视口包括4部分，分别是顶视图（快捷键为T）、前视图（快捷键为F）、左视图（快捷键为L）、透视图（快捷键为P），如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8ModoaWUouqeoxkhJ4cAwyfnBb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":446,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09325e4518e34828bf64a610e25cb1e9","width":784},"text":"","id":"Hqwad0aQ6oAIWixyO44cmdfonLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"例如，单击前视图中右上导航器左侧的小图标，模型会转动到左侧，并且视图左上方变成了【正交】，若想再次切换回【前视图】，则只需要按快捷键F即可切换回来，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RkGUd02m6oOcOKxk9Yvca3Rxnmg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":231,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a2d09b3690b48e68b4b4150f053ee08","width":875},"text":"","id":"Omokdq268ocE2WxAnQacp6P5nYT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"单击视图左上方的四个按钮，能分别弹出四个对话框，可以允许我们是否显示栅格、切换其他视图、设置照明和阴影、设置模型显示模式等，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkMmdq4oAoOg8uxaYJkclo6Xnvd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":402,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1f95aa15d9d44811ace7b1cf1ccb0721","width":823},"text":"","id":"C0EQdEK2go8wQYximYKcgurHnwe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏控件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RywAdWAGyoee0excrkzcKEB5nxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏位于轨迹栏的下方，它提供了选定对象的数目、类型、变换值和栅格数目等信息，并且状态栏可以基于当前光标位置和当前程序活动来提供动态反馈信息，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSy4dUug4oWW2axEzJxcquSDn7d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":276,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏控件","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c10faf16f98d4feeb22b024cd2bf0add","width":805},"text":"","id":"Icemd20aQoui0WxYvOkcInAEnAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"迷你侦听器：用于MAXScript语言的交互翻译器，它与DOS命令提示窗口类似。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZwCQdOs4IoEIG2xAzW6cmvf0n6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"状态栏：此处可显示选中了几个对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CamgdOMyCo02wGxcPigcx6mqnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"提示行：此处会提示我们将如何操作当前使用的工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wa82dewAqo0iMkxi2Ugco537nyb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"孤立当前选择切换：单击该按钮将只选择该对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWywduKemosqCmxqxLqcX4gDnSu"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定切换：单击该按钮可以锁定该对象，此时其他对象将无法选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XieCdsICqoewCWxUHNXcMMTanXh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绝对模式变换输入：单击可切换绝对模式变换输入或偏移模式变换输入。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BimSdy60mokqiyxYXmacfGcznze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相对/绝对变换输入：可在此处的X、Y、Z后方输入数值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIGgdCGwUo2G4AxsT6acXqBqnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自适应降级：启用该工具，在操作场景时会更流畅。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAcCdYIWeogscMxGGp7cBgTenoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"栅格：此处显示栅格数值。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jw42duOokoO8A4x8nfTc5qjMnsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间标记：单击可以添加和编辑标记。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U06ydouaeoOoEOxCaaJcb2RJntb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画控件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OI0Kdme4goq2UKxWMT1cEwbNnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画控件位于状态栏的右侧，这些按钮主要用来控制动画的播放效果，包括关键点控制和时间控制等，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TaaGdAS6iow04Ux8JspcDP2XnCe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":446,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"动画控件","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d7cc9204af734639a4c661ec8dc40c67","width":843},"text":"","id":"AWiMdwKo8oEmyuxiqiNciO4knlh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GOqUdiUsUoecmqxc9mlc325bnvh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板由6个用户界面面板组成，使用这些面板可以找到3dmax的大多数建模功能，以及一些动画功能、显示选择和其他工具，3dmax每次只有一个面板可见。6个面板分别为【创建】面板、【修改】面板、【层次】面板、【运动】面板、【显示】面板和【实用程序】面板，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KS8Mdg4e4oCu8Ox0ehHct9xqnFf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":390,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/abd020afb01b490b862638ec27d8f842","width":634},"text":"","id":"USeEdoyoyokGmOxmw2ZczRnvnKh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"进入【创建】面板，其中包括7种对象，分别是【几何体】、【图形】、【灯光】、【摄影机】、【辅助对象】、【空间扭曲】和【系统】，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L66wdoIiIoeqisxum7McpKGQnsd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":178,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/07f432fa4e0545d3b8602d151db66a01","width":415},"text":"","id":"DI4SdwWyqoMWeKxKUg4cpKBpnpe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"几何体：用来创建几何体模型，如长方体、球体等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACWKdUcmAoCgkoxDlILc5T8nnlw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图形：用来创建样条线和NURBS曲线，如线、圆、矩形等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyiAdECcAocy6Kx0N9bcoZAKnnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"灯光：用来创建场景中的灯光，如目标灯光、泛光灯。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkUGdCSmkoQeqcx0UkKckbBdnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"摄影机：用来创建场景中的摄影机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Peawd8o2io2I0oxglkMcAJ8onsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"辅助对象：用来创建有助于场景制作的辅助对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tm8md2oMyoW2gyxItZncxERmnCg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"空间扭曲：用来创建空间扭曲对象，常搭配粒子使用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8Wkd4gUQoegU4xqmObcBjA0nQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"系统：用来创建系统工具，如骨骼、环形阵列等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W0qud8koKoquOkxGyrAcK0MTnoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【修改】面板用于修改对象的参数，还可以为对象添加修改器。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P0OAd0eeSoY6iixAZ79cjGKJn9e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【层次】面板中可以访问调整对象间层次链接的工具，通过将一个对象与另一个对象相链接，可以创建对象之间的父子关系，包括【轴】、【IK】和【链接信息】3种工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PayUdU2QcomkWExUXXOcaTiEnKg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":651,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e88b8388cea04b318bda623b8b8478c7","width":943},"text":"","id":"EsiGdYycmow0O8xk5CVc3lMunJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【运动】面板中的参数用来调整选定对象的运动属性。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Dq8Cd4AeYoqYeexwPnhcs95Fn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【显示】面板中的参数用来设置场景中的控制对象的显示方式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ACCYdEM4qoYe6QxKAOpc4VM0n6c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【实用程序】面板中包括几个常用的实用程序，例如塌陷、测量等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M8YcdWA2IoeswCxsL07cNNd5n1g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":662,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"命令面板","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4a26f78954d64e9abeb5a618c71af59a","width":1006},"text":"","id":"T44mdgiQSoQ622xXQiacOrsvnbX"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间尺","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKg4dOiAWoKIsix4JTGcKRy9nmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"【时间尺】包括【时间线滑块】和【轨迹栏】两大部分，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqM6dWqIIooaOoxOeGjcXaEwngd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":185,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时间尺","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7f9dd4aeaea645ef96bb28f3edd6c1b4","width":900},"text":"","id":"FIw2dQm04o2yyWxmah6cg9GSnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间线滑块：位于3dmax界面下方，拖动时可以设置当前帧位于哪个位置，还可以单击向左箭头图标与向右箭头图标向前或者向后移动一帧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"POeid4akYoMqSqxYlVycFQuknvb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹栏：位于【时间线滑块】下方，用于显示时间线的帧数和添加关键点的位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOWmdGqWyo0uckxk36kcDlNjn5b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"视口导航","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYMEdGceaosYOQxOOqmcS4hJnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视口导航控制按钮在状态栏的最右侧，主要用来控制视图的显示和导航，使用这些按钮可以缩放、平移和旋转活动的视图，如图所示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUM2duoqQoaAUWxqQRccieZnnWe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"视口导航","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/abef6dac23aa40c39ef740f53347846c","width":860},"text":"","id":"LWiGdYE6AoMaiaxW0o4cMtQ0nqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放：使用该工具可以在透视图或正交视图中通过拖拽光标来调整对象的大小。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bos6dqKiSocuowxB8TMcbok2ncA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视野：使用该工具可以设置视野透视效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu6qdGGCOoSK44xAZhicdvdknLh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放所有视图：使用该工具可以同时调整所有视图的缩放效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuyAdI8EqoWGO2xC2cXc5IODnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移视图：使用该工具可以将选定视图平移到任何位置。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CWYWdSckoo44QixcXmDcuTL3nid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在该视图中，快捷键为Z。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"A8I0dkicEoY4GuxoXnicJW1inVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"环绕子对象：使用该工具可以使当前视图产生环绕旋转的效果。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwKOdKkICogKYKx46kDcL6ZznJb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所有视图最大化显示选定对象：使用该工具可以将选中的对象最大化显示在所有视图中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XmyMdcyoAooc40xsKcHcz85znpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化视口切换：单击该按钮可以切换一个视图或四个视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2WgdCGMOokiC6xAmjjc6KHznfb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"3ds max快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsQyd8KOcoyMsExwl4ic3f98n47"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示降级适配(开关) 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgwsdSMSAoAM26x8If8cbwt5njc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"适应透视图格点 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WCoGdSaWSom0kex2ergco1MSn6t"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"排列 【Alt】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EEqCd8suWoWwoMxKUj9c7G9jnkc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"角度捕捉(开关) 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J6iOd6YuqoCwkqx75pcc0Ismnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"动画模式 (开关) 【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D6YwdI4Kqosq8WxWGKYcB0kVnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到后视图 【K】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PGmYdiaCgoWCMSxQnWscdHv6nLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"背景锁定(开关) 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Eg4edSaMio684KxoDpScg0QGn9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【.】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L20udCqeYoCuECx8r16chgWQnhh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到上(Top)视图 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZGeudeMq2oUgKWxA3X6c2ZvNnuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到底(Bottom)视图 【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KiCYdcSg0oeYaexCmbPcSmf6nbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到相机(Camera)视图 【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6YCdmwa2oAqo4x4ITfcoytEnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到前(Front)视图 【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScOIdoiCEoCgSexEnjBcrV6WnVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到等大的用户(User)视图 【U】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0mSdSm2KoA0gMxe8zic27XVn6g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到右(Right)视图 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOWqdk8KMoGwGcxomp0cXqMAn3E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到透视(Perspective)图 【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nce2dioiUoQW2exMBXcck4jdnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环改变选择方式 【Ctrl】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMySd2sAWoUCQexua5ncfRjrn8d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"默认灯光(开关) 【Ctrl】+【L】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K0iedIqwwooGgOxYDn5ctSlznJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"删除物体 【DEL】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYsAd4KWYoKg6IxCCX3cuys9nsd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"当前视图暂时失效 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIQMdW6sOoqw2ixWQ4nc1DUcnDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"是否显示几何体内框(开关) 【Ctrl】+【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4gid4EmIoKaGAxk9yKcgCr7n4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示第一个工具条 【Alt】+【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AQMKd6aamocSyWxw1HhcE2JYnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"专家模式棿佑(开关) 【Ctrl】+【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"By4MdkSCAow6MyxyctgcGLUGnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"暂存(Hold)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RgAUdYgmwoMEaUxEHL2cTXJLnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"取回(Fetch)场景 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOSAdASoYoy8OKxC6PFcQ39wn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"冻结所选物体 【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JQ2edemg0oa6UYxOa4sccBSlnTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"跳到第一帧 【HOME】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C2aQdkeCmoueSixsr48c9IFyneg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏相机(Cameras) 【Shift】+【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCCudSUaCoY2WWxeIc4cPm00nDc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏几何体(Geometry) 【Shift】+【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TmCydaWMao6SG2x2VQFcBctmnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏网格(Grids) 【G】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZmAgdGCAEoi2g8xkWPSc1RF6nfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏帮助(Helpers)物体 【Shift】+【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4MQdCAGUoEqm2xawUGcloMfn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏光源(Lights) 【Shift】+【L】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CYgOdw2mCo2A0OxY9XJcdOTcnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏粒子系统(Particle Systems) 【Shift】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGMQdke4CoSccuxE7ADc2q8onnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏空间扭曲(Space Warps)物体 【Shift】+【W】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PaaQdu8YeokYcgxNQ6tcgKVenFE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定用户界面(开关) 【Alt】+【0】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YWuwdQSKOocQQex4LWocopErnBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"匹配到相机(Camera)视图 【Ctrl】+【C】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WsAgdeaGSowOoIxgv5EcijZ0n4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质(Material)编辑器【M】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PYWKdI6K6oUaOGxchPrcQTBxn6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最大化当前视图 (开关) 【W】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HYaKda0iIomMiaxcToAcJQDUnKc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"脚本编辑器 【F11】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MIy2dYUKKogKwsx0Gt5cBYfonYe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新的场景 【Ctrl】+【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UEaYdAu2yoi2sqxUz9LcwB40nWe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"法线(Normal)对齐 【Alt】+【N】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HuSYdmyUAoEukYxiwljcAZFknkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下轻推网格小键盘【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"U4Y0d48wUoukaYxA486clU07nuy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上轻推网格小键盘【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XwUodusSgoOgsExIVxocu62fnW2"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS表面显示方式【Alt】+【L】或【Ctrl】+【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C8OodYqwEo8aaAxE19NciEh7nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格2 【Ctrl】+【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SCYudAIugoUGUax8X9Acqqy8nig"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"NURBS调整方格3 【Ctrl】+【3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XqK6d64C6o6KwWx25jWc76srn0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"偏移捕捉 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NYMedGIO2osmyixQnAQc60SQnge"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个MAX文件 【Ctrl】+【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ROs0dwM0woUQ2sxWfzGccy6Qnrb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平移视图 【Ctrl】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G6gsdcU2Coi6k8xkDAhcKvM9n9g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"交互式平移视图 【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RGuUdwWGqog6MOxUHvAc6WR1nMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放置高光(Highlight) 【Ctrl】+【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IAAud8WokoM2sexGQRBcwKLtnTc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"播放/停止动画 【/】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OiwAdCkAcociQIxDwS7czyEBnkC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"快速(Quick)渲染 【Shift】+【Q】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D4yudomGAoEyEuxeyDAc1y26nbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ksi2diAAYockEgx2J3ZcZoesnEc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一视图*作 【Shift】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EWs6dsw4moaem6xcTUUcFl0gnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nucqdukg4oEgYixSuBLcMhlcnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消视图*作 【Shift】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KcyUdyY6iok8OkxW2VDchrLmnbe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刷新所有视图 【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeKKdGCauoAsMSxammWccjFZnVb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的参数进行渲染 【Shift】+【E】或【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GccodAAIgoAOcwx41iicqc6Vnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【Shift】+【R】或【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Houqdwcc6oe40uxQPZlcYlZZnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在xy/yz/zx锁定中循环改变 【F8】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AaasdUIyGoyqKgxg7nYczhuPn8y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"约束到X轴 【F5】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAoUdyQQQoGqICxmy1WcCt7Nn4e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"约束到Y轴 【F6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2aed4qiwo6AWSxcO75csx3Dnjb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"透明显示所选物体(开关) 【Alt】+【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UK40dCm8SoY8AIxSeRuccNT5nnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择父物体 【PageUp】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ja22dmwi6ocuu0xE9jDcGsKrn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择子物体 【PageDown】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AmqQdAquSoAWOgxwHhucpHcznIe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据名称选择物体 【H】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QuS6diuEIoiEo2x6TZYc0Lotn5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"选择锁定(开关) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwQQdEoEwoQayGxCwOic4qX7nhc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减淡所选物体的面(开关) 【F2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SqGodI2sio0IqEx42NbcfOLennc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示所有视图网格(Grids)(开关) 【Shift】+【G】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OcEOdq4ECokuWuxULdgctHPOn8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏命令面板 【3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SKG8dIMSkoew0axcvuZcT9SOn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏浮动工具条 【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L6OWd26O4ogiSixEnvRca2ykn8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示最后一次渲染的图画 【Ctrl】+【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8qAdUucAokam2xWwLacilbynzd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏主要工具栏【Alt】+【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qw8AdAAUioyiq0x8JeNc5UR7nwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏安全框 【Shift】+【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PQQkd2AUyoCimqx4e0ZcAcT9n7b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏所选物体的支架 【J】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQ4kdEmkwogmCaxmedGcJa78nyg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示/隐藏工具条 【Y】/【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ng8edacSOoqgkwxSMAFc2As0ndh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"百分比(Percent)捕捉(开关) 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【P】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6KGdIyiSoq84CxOpj0ccHffngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开/关闭捕捉(Snap) 【S】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JGq8dk8KgoSEG2xOo1scJOUunDf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环通过捕捉点 【Alt】+【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGmqd682SoauS2xUNerc9QNGnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"声音(开关) 【\\】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Li06d26kaogGiUxOApFcukHPnzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"间隔放置物体 【Shift】+【I】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XYW0dEOAioEac6xYh3acqgj5nKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"改变到光线视图 【Shift】+【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FwCCdsWk8omgCyxgn6xc3hp0nEn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"循环改变子物体层级 【Ins】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NS4GdW4ecogwsqx4QZ1cJk2bnva"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"子物体选择(开关) 【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NeMcds4IEoqU8axAxLiccGYxnyD"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"帖图材质(Texture)修正 【Ctrl】+【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Aow4dkKi4o2Agux0YSTcd29cnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加大动态坐标 【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UweydGs4uoCA6axOYhSc8Cp4nof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"减小动态坐标 【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NSyMdqC8qoaUQixENz8cbuWlnI7"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"激活动态坐标(开关) 【X】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKEMdg6mKoiOCOx4uhHc7sWenCb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"精确输入转变量 【F12】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUWIduQwIoywwYxOAzecMHjqnGd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全部解冻 【7】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TyaedSYscoSQsqxeujUceKz3nqg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据名字显示隐藏的物体 【5】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LgCid0cMGogEQyxYxVEcGGaQnXc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刷新背景图像(Background) 【Alt】+【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OMQsdM4IwoawIax2JgXc8C4Bn6b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"显示几何体外框(开关) 【F4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G2owd02aWoiuMOx060jclPD8nRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视图背景(Background) 【Alt】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AM4AdUyw6oIwg4xTQ9OcjAOknAa"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用方框(Box)快显几何体(开关) 【Shift】+【B】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RScwdgQIyoKc8cxSLszc0QK3ndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开虚拟现实 数字键盘【1】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EoUAdQUicoqOcexEHtPcgksrnof"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向下移动 数字键盘【2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4KUdiaUAoqYssxEnljcqI33nae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向左移动 数字键盘【4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B6GKdWKOeowiCqxmEK5cx3E4nL1"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向右移动 数字键盘【6】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsCUdesCsoGUIKxSoGUchKVOnkg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图向中移动 数字键盘【8】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LCYQdOCacoGssExqAlxcUulinzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图放大 数字键盘【7】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Le8CdUMMIoyskIxkZvTci1sxnUd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"虚拟视图缩小 数字键盘【9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWmgdmcGEoWGI0xuKR5cD71knuf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"实色显示场景中的几何体(开关) 【F3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HSwwdKOISosmUCxw7GQcANAUnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"全部视图显示所有物体 【Shift】+【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F0YKd0KgOoQuqKxKo7Mc9alsnSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"*视窗缩放到选择物体范围(Extents) 【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fk2mdGsCoo2MiUxJEmYcfZ9NnjX"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"缩放范围 【Alt】+【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OgECdaUK2oissqxobd0cnKgmnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗放大两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【+】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G6Smd6cESoCUeqxu0F0ccj6gnQc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"放大镜工具 【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"N6CgdckEmogqmOx0WPec4MkUnRd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗缩小两倍 【Shift】+数字键盘【-】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQmadm8UGoQ8I0x2PMgcT65qnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"根据框选进行放大 【Ctrl】+【w】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMCIdQakooq6gmxsTO2cGXyMnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式放大 【[】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uy0QdCqU0oO8gOxox9scr6W5n89"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视窗交互式缩小 【]】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SQUYdKoQIoEAsixGAc8cjV1tnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"轨迹视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MWcKdcuqcoQYUyxE9TPcWC72nog"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"加入(Add)关键帧 【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JgECdaSGooy6aAxKonSc9I1lnjc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwoSdmWW8oIA6OxQNX3cRCBancd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"REOGdqiMsoSYCaxwLjycH674nud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑(Edit)关键帧模式 【E】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYUudMkGkoi00ox0oANcI3dHnQs"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑区域模式 【F3】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2A2doY06oW4GExpKS3cRqIYnGR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"编辑时间模式 【F2】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FmEcdO04OoaggcxkMb6cDbTznPt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开对象(Object)切换 【O】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FW2adMwoAoSmcgxS0FWcGzzXndd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"展开轨迹(Track)切换 【T】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F2ecdC04soSKuOxOI9gcnT1Mnud"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"函数(Function)曲线模式 【F5】或【F】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0U4daUogoyysWxaO0rcsCuZn2e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定所选物体 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeIKdw4oQoUWEuxMAe9c9JtxnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上移动高亮显示 【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"L0y2dqQqCoYE8UxEJgec2aGinNg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向左轻移关键帧 【←】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LEoMdK2MaosgYcxW65qcs1mwnGg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向右轻移关键帧 【→】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RG0UdUckQoMKAWx3pSWc8aWTnqU"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"位置区域模式 【F4】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OykmdcIcmoEIcUxumJlcOSfRnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EksedKsO0omiqUx8WtMc8gmXn3o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ew8CdiOOkoYSiqxYBJDc7IhbnSh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JSuMdmmYioQqkyxsjuSc2q0gnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KO4KdIwCqooGeCxg7OYcXngpnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向下收拢 【Ctrl】+【↓】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FEEcdauSIoKWMyxwfa8cEiE3n6r"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"向上收拢 【Ctrl】+【↑】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VmwWdiuGmoAGs8xuQY1cS2kIn4f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质编辑器","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DgyQdU6y4oQicixCmSCcxdQQnPB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"用前一次的配置进行渲染 【F9】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PgOQdIWmuo0o8Gx2N2qcvo0PnWm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染配置 【F10】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sg6UdWMi2o0oUixY3jeciQ5lnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撤消场景*作 【Ctrl】+【Z】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"R44QdOWKKoIsiIxEDXrcx3QTnub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"示意(Schematic)视图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IGKkdGMGGoe6yixwDJgc75KZnHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下一时间单位 【\u003e;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fk2YdoWG2oKK62xKwuVcBALbnTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前一时间单位 【\u003c;】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6q4dsMImomcuUx8zvLcqUyXnse"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"回到上一场景*作 【Ctrl】+【A】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SwWYdgMqEoMQgcxXKEiccRicnFQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"绘制(Draw)区域 【D】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4iOdou4UoMiwWxuMWRclwYunHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"渲染(Render) 【R】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TA0MdEkmUoI6cixUB4TcxBVRnng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"锁定工具栏(泊坞窗) 【空格】","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UmS0dmUMyoka84x8dcmcKQNTnbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"草图大师基础","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YoCsdUGsyoES66x6cW5cFBFgnmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"sketchup是一款主要面向室内外、园林等设计的三维设计软件，也常常被广大的设计师朋友们称为草图大师，因为相对于其他3d模型来说精细程度上的确是有一些差距，但是也是一款比较直观、灵活，易用的软件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CESWdyoQoookkcxMhQQcPpBOnrc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JKCUdwcCmoWSa6xEP3BcxybGnfe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们想要掌握一款软件，那么软件的基础知识的掌握比较重要。比如说sketchup软件的基础工具，命令操作步骤。sketchup的基础工具主要是包括，二维的绘图工具，有画直线，矩形，圆，圆弧，多边形和手绘线等，然后是模型的编辑工具移动，旋转，缩放，推拉，路径跟随，偏移复制等。编辑工具是构建模型的常用命令。接着就是相关的测量工具和视图查看工具，最后就是导人视和剖面相关的命令。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8Uydo4ScokSomxgXLBcgy9rnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下面是关于“环绕观察”是使用：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TMOed2GUqoEoMuxm4B3cOuW4nPh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"打开一个SketchUp文件，点按工具栏，环绕观察命令，在界面按下鼠标左键拖动可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XCecdI6kUo4u4IxiSkdclOhUnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":567,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0d3eaebcdc04fcfb43fc2068639caf8","width":782},"text":"","id":"MS4YdC46aoO0sax6zKpcjMJdntG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第2步，在其他工具下，如果想进行环绕观察，可以按下鼠标中间并拖动界面上下左右拖动，同样也可以实现环绕观察。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KeUqdSWu8oGC24xn6xhcwSBCnrU"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":544,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/455fff4dfbb043e49b5d0a939adc3792","width":772},"text":"","id":"UwsQdkwGkoemacxbQFTcGxBWnHF"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第3步居中显示，在任意工具下，单击鼠标滚轮，都可以让点击位置居中显示。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XgokdOIouoUyUaxyOuJc4iyZn9f"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":527,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e9686cd0862f4016a8c3eabcae4884f3","width":898},"text":"","id":"POUWdqUMSo8Yw8xsvgucwxn9nVc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第4步，点按工具栏上的手型，也就是平移工具，然后在界面上按下鼠标左键拖动物体或画布，可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HqsadaCWQoS686x0kcxcjG35n3e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":644,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/caea81eac43240df82a88a490f236e14","width":790},"text":"","id":"F0Ewd8GUWoWCI2xCO9Ccsusxnbh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第5步，在其他工具下，按下shift并按下鼠标中键拖动物体或画布，也可以实现画布的平移。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG06dGemQoq8cyxio5AcP2hjnkg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":609,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e525008fe5f14e6d967eee01a286654a","width":734},"text":"","id":"XwwKdsa0woGCWCxuUO3c7yACnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第6步，按下缩放工具后，在界面上按下鼠标左键，向上拖动放大显示界面，向下拖动会缩减显示界面，也可以通过向前或者向后滚动滚轮的方法实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JUGkdgyuQoaCO2xUHl2cbylCnLd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/09935565bbd64ae6aa6d34704dbc46a5","width":755},"text":"","id":"Qcuodu4i8oKo8UxEVypcNJSVnde"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第7步，点按缩放范围会让界面中所有物体充满整个界面，该功能的快捷键是ctrl+shift+e或者另一个快捷键shift+z也可以实现该功能。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwymdAmaOoqsQgxcrnWczAGyntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":612,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/49ff248b0daa49b0932d45288433d551","width":840},"text":"","id":"UqeGdYOIwoOGmox46rgcrMJXnDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第8步，这两个命令是向前或者向后恢复视图。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HQwCdg8SqoecQIxKs29c8ETvnKd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":513,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f43a69c1e574c38b1a7b215fc8c7775","width":842},"text":"","id":"EEACd8o6so0gcYxOCmKcuArinvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"详细的sketchup的基础工具介绍大家可以看看视频教程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F8QIdaGCOouOiSxwsbAcfBMRnTo"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Sketchup基础工具【入门必备】：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ze411T7K9/","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2CIdy8Kyo4EW0xqYfGcmLIJnQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"下面介绍下sketchup怎么建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kwoqdcs4woAOcKxumXscs23snFd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"1、建模前的准备工作","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4S4d04ykouC4MxQlCKchrgRnEb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般我们的景观方案确定好后，就可以把方案按照具体尺寸落到cad上面，如图1，但是图1的cad化的平面，最后导入su是需要简化cad线稿的，简化后的cad线稿，如图2。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PS6OdAwm8ogcSWxY3NncoYtNnOc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":844,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e2ac08eba9e349d29ed5321ed579b103","width":614},"text":"","id":"CmqSdQUiwouMuMxG4dHcWatbn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图1","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CKwcd0K0GoKOquxwuZccGXLSnhb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":667,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1394bd40d0864cabbec708ffd60b54ff","width":478},"text":"","id":"AcAAdcWS2oqUg4x2XXxc4oDfnjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图2","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UAE6d4qAyo8AEYx2Vcjcm7SHnyc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"2、CAD线稿整理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BKaIdYOUaoUQC2xEb5acUF1inZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"另存一个cad","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LGcKdiEAIoYOQ2xsfzKcB2GxnBb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"命名不能用中文，因为汉字和字母的算法不一样，SU可能识别出错。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PMQ4dCMCwoGsiSx0h8AcVRyCnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"炸开组件","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UwA8dAyCgoSuYYxIKqicWNrDn74"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将新的cad里面的组件炸开。因为有些CAD文件，可能是用天正等软件绘制，导入SU后会消失。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WqoQdywweoA6wax21DmcQ8F0nzg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"删除一些影响平面整体性的线","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RUyidqGueoOmUMx8qqpcLyb7n2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"再删除字体、标高，雕塑，景石，坐凳，灯具，铺装填充等等一些影响平面整体性的线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSsed8kYAosqEQx0oWscxgTEnNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线条高度归零","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LamCdWy6iooGK8xkhTocwqKtnYf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SU是在一个平面上面建模的，所以线条需要统一标高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fa2od6eMIoey6cxXG0ocJKHOnG0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"⑤归同一个图层","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FMAMdw2yIoYiKOxK47Scx3ffnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"将所以线条归在同一个图层，方便后面清理cad。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OaWkdIaKIoSY6ux0adncLVgtnxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"⑥","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"pu清理cad","id":""}],"text":"","id":"La8ud4eKsoseg8xPD8EcNkpDnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"清理cad其他图层，目的减少cad内存，导入su的时候不占太多内存。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YGQIdMQimocQ46xsCPeco4vNnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"3、SU建模前的整理","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E4gIdiSymoiC6SxcV9gcXDNln0d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"SU开始界面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoiidUGuuok0CKxU1xecLm5Unrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SU开始界面，会让我们选择一个模板，这里以2015版本为例，我们可以选择建筑设计-毫米这个模板进去su。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcYsduqKaoES64x2lF4cc1iTnOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"导入cad线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TGUediO8soGmQAxcMkScP16mnkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SU导入cad的时候，会出现一个窗口，右边选项，记得点击打钩全部选项还有选择单位为毫米。如图3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FSEudUgWqoS6GixyCdrcqJYSn8b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"炸开线稿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T8U4dcCwcoQMw2xEvk0c2Vfrnvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"线稿封面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BsmAdOu0SoCyyyxacRbcDdWKngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一般需要用到插件（胚子库）来封面，可以节省很多时间。插件自己网上下载哈。如图5","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGmWdMs2coqOcWxSoS3cBBFBnXe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":577,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/026f7760eb3d4c34bc18417f7cba6f7c","width":982},"text":"","id":"Mkk8dKqQioukW0x6dZHcQQT8nSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图3","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWe0diiwEoCkeAxITEscaSRVn5e"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":956,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e453eb764ad64a65ab6e888cf30c6bde","width":827},"text":"","id":"We0cdU6oEogeScxeqLbcbVOVnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图4","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O6g4dwiqEo4uU6xIZlLcU16tnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1179,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3d38d461a0c436280ebaed849eccf01","width":901},"text":"","id":"P2GCd6Qk2ooy2excB5icn0Zmnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图5","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PWQCdCwgQo0Sg2xi4KwcA5ebnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"4、SU建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DmUIdEUwqosqMmxEbp9c5klQnih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"①","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"正面建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ku2idaoccouk4uxus6oc4JPinXe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"Su有正反面之分，正面为白色，反面为蓝色，模型外面需要是正面，为了导入lumion渲染的时候，可以识别，lumion课程可以移步我们的其他教程分享。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SI46d246gogKCKxAhJZc54cDnDg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"②","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"成组（组件）建模","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKomdMsqqoOYI0xsxBacDUDgnAh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"按照一定原则清晰的分成组或者组件，目的是为了方便后期修改，不会受场景中的其他东西干扰。编辑速度也快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MggEdSqKKoukCWxw55PcKpPyn5g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"③","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"贴材质","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Z2EkdY4yWoSUwUxWMFWcJJd0nZg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质可以吸已有的模型的材质来用，也可以自己制作需要的材质,如图6","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Jyycd00yOowOmaxiADncckpGnLg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"④","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"放置建筑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQKKduE8woaAiSxMNMKc4GBlnTf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"模型大体完成，这样就可以进入lumion渲染，如果目前只需要su出图的话，再进行第五步","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIGYd2A6YoyIiaxMfBZcnQdDnkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"⑤","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"放置植物，人物，小品","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FI6Mdc4igoc0ysxKGDfc80PvnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"SU出图效果也不错，放置一些植物，人物，小品来营造氛围","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bkywdo40Sog4oMxmiJDcbObxnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"⑥","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"植物配置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYAQdm6mCoSEACxiwBzclbD2nvc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"植物配置方式有多种形式，总结来说就是二个字“层次”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XW0CdwGK4oQA0wx2hw4cVuMWnNg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":958,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件基础知识","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cee5269f1d1e4223b41ee3eb66a648d3","width":894},"text":"","id":"YyYCdqgY4oIk8kxCC3nc7xGPnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"图6","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BqqadqkuaoAu6wxAVd4c0fiunCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"关于sketchup建模的课程，大家可以看看以下视频学习以下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UecGdYO0UoYWIOxS6IDccB2xn6e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"最简单的3D建模软件：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13K4y1Q76R/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TC4sd4ysyooIg0xe07ecZWFmnie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"从0到1，手把手带你学会SU建模：","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dh411b7zf/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQGKdS4wYouiosxOFM1cDoaCnPk"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"软件的快捷键","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOcwdMQi0oGU2yx21Doc21tenYd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":862,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"软件的快捷键","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bf8067e4adba4de092a503454cadf0aa","width":838},"text":"","id":"OM2adCs0AoskqGxyY5ZcVHhZnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"掌握快捷键知识，可以帮助我们在使用sketchup软件更加的流畅和方便，相对来说是一种进阶的知识。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iic8dEKKmokwcWxGC4Sch6ksn0e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"De20dggACoWQg8xMQ5PcRiKYnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《建筑装饰制图与识图（第4版）》紧密结合建筑装饰工程的实际应用，介绍了绘图工具的使用及制图的基本知识、画法几何基础知识、建筑及装饰制图与识图以及给排水、采暖与空调、建筑电气等设备施工图的识读等内容。书后附有装饰施工图实例，便于读者对照学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Wy0cd6aw0og88Exw7OocsiZznHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":342,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2ed0934a51204016b21f22e55fbf7504","width":301},"text":"","id":"K2WQdIYcUoo4QWxoBO1c7vMEnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《中文版3ds Max 2020实用教程》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkuWdWuuKoEky0x4JZ0cm4m2n9g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":604,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f0b1dbfd6a294e00ad7bd0290fa0de05","width":646},"text":"","id":"GW2YdUoeWocoaqx2Xlhc4orOnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《3ds Max 2020+VRay效果图制作从入门到精通》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PmsEdwOSOoy0MSxqg35csBelnGd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":579,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3f9305b2367c4451bc75bc0b4ee3ee4f","width":712},"text":"","id":"V2M4dwK42oyaECx4HEscHbAtnkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"《室内设计精品集》集中了全国各地众多室内设计师在近两年所设计完成的优秀作品，涉及到住宅室内空间的各种类型，其中包括普通住宅、独立别墅、豪华公寓及各类样板间等。这些作品设计新颖、风格各异，有很多已经成为国内住宅室内空间设计的样板方案。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMSEdCIUCoGCeWxSOVTcL1JXnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8554fb9ef520409eb32c2f2ffef3a155","width":609},"text":"","id":"JQeCdCucyooSmGxuq11c3Ir1noh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计过程","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UCcQd8coeoSysExA9Ksc9YsVnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计的过程分为三个阶段，策划阶段、方案阶段、施工图阶段。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TWmUds86go0ggmxyMR7cUgIcnTf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"策划阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcGsd4uKyow0EsxuGLecgU1Incf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、由甲方或业主提出要求，比如使用功能、经营理念、风格样式、投资费用等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PSgQdGI4SoEmM0xOIT0cGBzan1e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、需要现场勘测，收集原始土建图纸资料。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BSW0d0w44oq4OIxWotAcyZ29neg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、由设计师与业主共同设计概念草图，草图需要反映功能、空间、技术、设计形式等方面。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UksedEgISoQowkxItBQc3Jl6nYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"方案阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CyOqdcsoioauOMxu4N0cFf2Yn2c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在概念草图的基础上，深入设计，进行方案的分析和比较，比如功能分析、交通流线分析、空间使用情况分析、装修材料的比较选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NUigdoYM8o4cqexcv8bcAFgInph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、与土建和装修的前后衔接，图纸需要设计承重结构、设施管道等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BoeIdIsWsoMksAx6AObc1tSWnPI"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"施工图阶段","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B44odmimOoU0m4xIDX0cLM5ynAc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、装修施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O8EWdSoEEomwAKxG2xAch9fvngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①设计说明、工程材料做法表、饰面材料分类表、装修门窗表；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bs0Gd6cEwoeEwWxlfMucqLh2nwV"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②隔墙定位平面图、平面布置图、铺地平面图、天花布置图、放大平面图；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SEiudqSYgoa8ocxA3h9cgTJsnYd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③立面图、剖面图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NWG8d2uikoESC0xolDscWkERnPb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"④大样图、详图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PKCidsykwomoa4xOypLcPUvTnLb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、设备施工图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SsO0deqoaoUoWSx2lUMcHruOn4b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"①给排水：系统、给排水布置、消防喷淋；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xo8Cde2owooYSQxEbXic3xhBn0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"②电气：强电系统、灯具走线、开关插座、弱电系统、消防照明、消防监控；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QeyudoQIKoEi8QxIh5CcYCJVnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"③暖通：系统、空调布置","id":""}],"text":"","id":"M0UqdUuaeoEGEAxKsErc0E9Rn3f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YcKOd6q66oiUUqxodCUccXnAngd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VcUodUiUioQy8CxspPXcoHhVnMb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格以流线型为主要设计，这种风格以平滑的表面，精心选择的家具以及中性或黑白配色的前卫艺术品闻名。现代主义的室内通常被称作“超现代空间”，采用木材、大理石和金属等的简单材料，与配色鲜明大胆的墙饰、照明灯具以及重要家具形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DwISd0yiqo2UUgxgJQbcO6mInXg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":489,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"现代风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d263401247884cda827c93912a1b7cfa","width":805},"text":"","id":"I4cmdyIO2ogcCKxWAn0ckjnRnNh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RikAdgWOWoGiGIxmaplc6taMnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风的设计灵感来源于工厂的翻新，工业风的设计以其质朴的哲学理念而闻名，即暴露管线、砖块、混凝土墙面和梁等建筑构件，这种室内设计风格通常还伴随着中性的色调，和混合着质朴材料的家具以及吊顶照明，与粗犷的空间形成对比。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EaG2dk4KOoio8wx21Dockm50nWh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":476,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工业风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c24bfca7951648adaa6fe3fb813e8f26","width":784},"text":"","id":"MWsAdG6yGoSyk8x4tv5ceyy3n9g"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CoEWdWwgaoy4YsxwXRNcyaHXnpc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这种风格在简洁的线条、简单实用的家具和充足的自然光中进一步被强调。此外在配色上，我们常见到全白的餐厅中置有黑色的雕塑或者黑白照片，它们创造一种出微妙而大胆的感觉。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwwKd4OEKokky4xOKgxcsgKinUe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":479,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"北欧风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7eeceec9f8a941a7aba9544e2ddb2bbd","width":776},"text":"","id":"Gqq2dguEioYy6exkboscNRBPnxd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"日式北欧融合","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NM04dIWI2oG6uoxEpi8cqXWWnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"自然材料的使用与光滑线条、温暖色调的平衡是现代日式美学的一大特点，与之不同的是，北欧风的室内色调以黑白灰为主，偶尔有中性色调以及金属点缀。现代日式与北欧设计结合，就形成了经典的美学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Soq0di8m8ogKicxqaQfcJlrNnPe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":477,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"日式北欧融合","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/dc7b606972764b7a83bae4090ca0aeb9","width":780},"text":"","id":"QMMsdYywWokgaAxMLJhcmiWNnSf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"复古风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEY8dyIYYoYEY8xwvnec05Iqnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"随着审美的发展，设计师需要在当代环境下重新构思旧风格，这种复古潮流一般是从20世纪下半叶中找寻灵感，常以明艳的色调、大胆的几何图案、花哨的装修或者中古家具的形式出现。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O2y2d8cs8oKG2ixkrymcOtTSnVe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":482,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"复古风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7b64a5c6c0db4ee18354ef2b7b887a83","width":784},"text":"","id":"Ow4GdCGuYogOIwxqMVTcvGybnvd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V44cdqgOeoIm4sxIZflcV8aLnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风的设计以浅色而温暖的色调为特征，与蓝色和绿色形成对比，代表了阳光、海洋与郁郁葱葱的种植园。天然材料，如陶瓷、木材、纤维和锻铁的大量使用也常见于这类项目，此外还有装饰瓷砖表现地中海国家的植物群以及自然光。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lc68dei0Yo0KMsxeStmclt9Cnhe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":495,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"地中海风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b3fd4f95ed5a426cba8def719a12f7b1","width":793},"text":"","id":"POkWdicG0oOqKaxSqbscOwDTnZf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义设计","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PASkd0kAyoWgmox4Oi6c1xbRnfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义的室内设计使用最基本的物品来构建简单而干净的空间。它的特点是单色、功能性强、缺乏装饰和线条简洁，体现了“少即是多”的主张。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K6WOdMUqMoWYgux4ctjcfG3Bn6c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":539,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"极简主义设计","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5d7a1e2c47d74d5b9a0cd39b1849db4d","width":789},"text":"","id":"VygIdkUoooK6u4xIzGmcNL8ZnWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LuWIdoMGOo4WOKxy2VRcUriKnPg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格是通过一些中式的装饰，装修出一种清雅高尚的风格。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiMEdCgiOosoqgxuqbLcdrGtnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式装修在选材上也很是讲究，因为这是体现中式风格的一个重点部分，大家通常使用原木棕色来装修房屋，这样既温馨自然，也能充分的利用中式装修的古典元素。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LWsMd42sUoegy4x02xRcjuq5nbb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在装饰品方面，最好都有中国元素在里面，像是屏风、山水画就是不错的选择，还可以加入一些盆栽，使屋内更加自然、漂亮。而且中国也非常讲究房屋的布局，讲究对称美，中式布局就是即使很小的空间也留有足够的空间供人活动。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEQ4dSSE2oGcKCxI56zcqOlAnHh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":564,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"中式复古风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/232593ce228249e58d282f3e19645d44","width":906},"text":"","id":"JiCSdECmuoeIUSxADEQclHMnnce"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MGcsd4a4goSwm2x4x5cccmY0nBg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格讲究空间的层次感与跳跃感。在需要隔绝视线的地方,则使用中式的屏风、窗棂、中式木门、工艺隔断、简约化的中式“博古架”等。通过这种新的分隔方式,单元式住宅就展现出中式家居的层次之美。再配以一些简约的造型为基础,添加了中式元素,使整体空间更加丰富,大而不空、厚而不重,有格调又不显压抑。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O0Yyd4KYAoEoEkxgtt1cSPNKnHc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":481,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"新中式风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/259cf8e7d4b64b16ad9dc9ef49f1977a","width":777},"text":"","id":"LiIYdEoiSoiC2GxKw0lcQKYwnAb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"简约中式风格","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VsugdKmEgoUaYkxE7NocJXeTnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中式简约装修风格整体兼有传统中式风格和现代简约风格之间，不会有中式那种沉闷，也不会有简约那种飘逸。沉稳大方是，不奢华，又不失品味。每一个房间，甚至在每一个角落都在简单的中式元素运用中沉淀出中国传统文化的魅力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAEUdKKMUoUGkgxq0KlcSImInOe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":586,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"简约中式风格","id":""}],"url":"{{image_domain}}tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e45ce5849cb240abb79aa60ab7270ec1","width":1003},"text":"","id":"R02Odky4moWAq0xbbn3cgIuOnnM"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MwGGdGagGoCqWqx6WFScbcY6nkf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、 整体性设计原则：保证室内空间协调一致的美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOMQdUYccosCcqxo3MLc0g9Bnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 功能性设计原则：空间的使用功能如布局，界面装饰、陈设和环境气氛与功能统一；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G0y2dYgmooSu4yxuQ82c7fwZnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 审美性设计原则：通过形，色、质、声、光等形式语言体现室内空间美感；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SgE0dskKOos4SSxkTotcmaE0nxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、 技术性设计原则：一是比例尺度关系；二是材料应用和施工配合的关系；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Kca2d2AoQoawAqxMF82cmPaJnrd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、 经济性设计原则：以最小的消耗达 到所需目的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q44SdqqIeoykoUxQb8icmnZBnJb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习资料推荐","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DGkWdKemsoqseAxv44VcGuaWnCC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习室内设计需要购买一些专门的学习教材，然后再配合视频教程系统学习，这样才能学的比较好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Akc8dmq2qoymS0xATksc8snun7d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"教材：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P6sUd2SmMo0ciCxe6sFczresnGf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《色彩构成》","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JOYkd6yKmo2GWyxYRcDcr4J5nNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《设计准则:成为自己的室内设计师》作者：伊莱恩·格里芬","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OOsudaaQQoGq8Kx2tg1cT4BFnld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书内容:这本书讲述了许多不同的思维方式和习惯，不断地挑战你既定的认知。她分享了专业设计师设计每个房间用到的设计原则、尺寸、比例和道理，这些秘密很难在实践中学会","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fec6duW4woEisaxoFg9cyaHCnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《室内设计师专用协调色搭配手册》作者：艾莉斯·芭珂丽","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AOUEdcKqQoeOq2xe8IbcZyRgntT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"这篇实用指南为你提供200种经典配色方案。它将教你如何创造一个安静的卧室，宽敞的生活区和明亮、通风的厨房，探索哪些微妙的颜色组合可以唤起不同的情绪，创造不同的氛围。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImYSdYaMio8O08xCurjcJ2WFnRg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《室内设计资料集》作者：张启曼，郑树阳","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0YadYaOMoAkqCx4fGycgoZNnRf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"本书汇集了中央工艺美术学院环境艺术设计系30多年的教学和设计实践经验。它从艺术与技术的角度出发，既有丰富的理论指导，又有丰富的实践设计，包含了对国内外有很大参考价值的室内设计资料。是国内最全面、系统、实用的室内设计专业大型工具书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Mk0IdMQO2oiScsxIUFNcAUfvnsb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"视频课程：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XUkWdGIEgooYUMx6WFBcBqeHnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"室内设计零基础入门教程","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1mx411d7Zn/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Haqcdcgi2oSui2xKKkxcj3XAn3n"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"cad室内设计施工图教程【全集】","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1dC4y1H7fZ/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S6E8dYG8coyQkCxGCkWc2b6Hnzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"彻底学会3DMAX","id":""},{"type":"external_link","attrs":{"url":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click"},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Xa411T74r/?spm_id_from=333.337.search-card.all.click","id":""}],"text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UqQIdWm2WoacasxaiGqcWeFCnJg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"除了以上的学习方法，我们还可以通过专门的室内设计资源网站资进行学习，如我要自学网、网易云课堂、Houzz、建E室内设计网、一兜糖、拓者设计吧、美间、中国设计联盟等等","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkSsd4YGYowW4ixkj8Pc85EfnEh"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E